TWO NEW SPECIES OF POACEAE FROM INDIA

Two new species of Poaceae namely, Erayrostis santapaui K. G. Bhat & C. R. Nagendran and Chrysopogon pseitdozeylanicus K. G. Bhat & C. R. Nagendran have been described from materials collected by the senior author from Coorg- and South Kanara Districts of Karnataka State, India

Molecular and Clinical Features of Heterogeneous Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in Tertiary Care Hospitals of South India

Objectives: This study aimed to detect heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) among methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolated from healthcare-associated infections and identify staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types. Methods: Isolation and identification of MRSA were done using standard bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotypes identified using D test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined using agar dilution. hVISA were confirmed by modified population analysis profile-area under the curve (PAP-AUC) test. SCCmec types and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) were detected using multiplex PCR. Results: Out of 220 MRSA stains, 14 (6.4%) were hVISA. None of the MRSA isolate was vancomycin intermediate or resistant. All hVISA were susceptible to linezolid and teicoplanin. Macrolide-streptogramin B (MSB) phenotype was present in 42.9% hVISA. 92.9% hVISA strains had vancomycin MIC in the range 1-2 µg/mL. Majority of hVISA and vancomycin susceptible MRSA were isolated from skin and soft tissue infections. SCCmec III and IV were present in 50% and 35.7% hVISA respectively. 14.3% hVISA harboured SCCmec V. Conclusion: The rate of hVISA among MRSA was 6.4%. MRSA strains should be tested for hVISA before starting vancomycin treatment. None of the isolates was vancomycin intermediate or resistant. All the hVISA strains were susceptible to linezolid and teicoplanin. The majority of hVISA were isolated from skin and soft tissue infections. The majority hVISA harboured SCCmec III and IV. Keywords: MRSA; Hospital infection; Molecular typing; Vancomyci

Surface morphology, electrical and optical properties of gallium antimonide layers grown by liquid phase epitaxy

Abstract Liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) growth of gallium antimonide has been carried out employing equilibrium cooling, step cooling, supercooling and two phase solution growth techniques. An optimum temperature range of 500-550°C was found to be suitable for the growth of high quality layers. The morphology of layers grown by the first three techniques improved with increase in layer thickness. In contrast, better morphology was obtained for thin layers when grown from the two phase solution technique. While the equilibrium cooling technique gave a diffuse substrate-epilayer interface, sharp interfaces were obtained by the step cooling, supercooling, and two phase solution growth techniques. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and current-voltage measurements carried out on the grown layers revealed that the layers grown from Ga-rich melts exhibit superior optical and electrical properties as compared to those grown from Sb-rich melts

Additions To the Flora of Karnataka

Volume: 99Start Page: 566End Page: 56

TWO NEW SPECIES OF POACEAE FROM INDIA

Two new species of Poaceae namely, Erayrostis santapaui K. G. Bhat & C. R. Nagendran and Chrysopogon pseitdozeylanicus K. G. Bhat & C. R. Nagendran have been described from materials collected by the senior author from Coorg- and South Kanara Districts of Karnataka State, India

Optimization of Water Use Efficiency of Hydroponic Maize Fodder Production System under Different Microclimatic Conditions

Aims: Hydroponic method of producing fodder is an advanced technique which helps to achieve very high-water use efficiency (WUE). The main objective of the study was to optimize WUE by controlling the system and reducing the stress on the crops to give higher yield. Study Design: The experiment employed a statistical design known as Completely Randomized Design Place and duration of the study: The experiment was carried out in the Precision Farming Development Centre (PFDC) building, Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology (KCAET), Tavanur during May and June 2021. Methodology: Three different water application methods namely, mist (I1), micro sprinkler (I2), fogger (I3) was selected. Artificial light source of LED red (L1), LED blue (L2), LED red + blue (L3) and sunlight (L4) were considered for the study. Statistical analysis was conducted to understand the significance of different treatments used in the experiment in optimizing yield and WUE of the system. Results: Highest yield was observed in treatment involving fogger irrigation and LED red + blue (2.11 kg/tray) with highest WUE (515.43 kg/m3) compared to other treatments. Seed to fodder ratio obtained was 1:6. Chemical analysis showed higher percentage of crude protein (13.56%) and crude fibre (12.59%) in this treatment. Higher growth of green fodder under artificial light source can be attributed to the continuous supply of energy compared to highly varying sunlight and also the uniform distribution of water by fogger irrigation which maintained favourable condition for fodder growth. Conclusion: Results clearly indicated that growing green fodder with artificial light source (LED red + blue) and water supply with fogger can be recommended to farmers for achieving better growth of green fodder for domestic animals

Development of Small Scale Indoor Hydroponic Fodder Production System

Field experiment was conducted to develop a small scale indoor hydroponic fodder production system (May- June 2021). Green fodder supply to the domestic animals is most important factor to improve their health, body weight, milk yield and thus obtaining maximum economic return. Land degradation and urbanisation reduced the area available for the green fodder production. India has 10.7% of world livestock population but only having 2.29% of its land mass and this is putting a huge pressure on land and water resource. Vertical growing of crop and minimising the usage of water is the best solution to solve this problem. Hydroponic technology helps to achieve very high yield and also provides better control over the crop production. Indoor cultivation eliminates the problem of weeds and pests and the use of pesticides and herbicides. Artificial lighting overcomes the disadvantage of seasonal variation of solar radiation and provides continuous source of energy supply. The study shows that green fodder can be efficiently grown at indoor condition. Hydroponic technique helped to achieve yield of 7.535 kg per day with a water requirement of only 4.78 litres per kg. The combination of red and blue LED lights supplied continuous energy for 12 hours a day for the better growth of crop. Results clearly show that the indoor hydroponic fodder production system with artificial supply of light can be recommended for the farmers to meet their fodder requirement

Effect of housing rats within a pyramid on stress parameters

1289-1293The Giza pyramids, of Egypt have been the subjcct of much research. 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mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#707070;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">in<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">g <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#707070;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">Wi<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">st<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#7F7F7F;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">ar rats, with<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#707070;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">in <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">t<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#707070;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">h<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">e <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#707070;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">p<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">y<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#707070;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">ramid <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">on <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#7F7F7F;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">the <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#A8A8A8;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">st<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#7F7F7F;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">atus <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">of<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#707070;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">ox<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#707070;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">id<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">ative<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#7F7F7F;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN"> damage <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#A8A8A8;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">and<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#7F7F7F;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">a<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#707070;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">nt<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">ioxidant <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#7F7F7F;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">defense <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">in t<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#707070;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">heir ery thro<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">cytes, a<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#707070;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">nd cortisol level in their <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">p<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#707070;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">l<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#919191;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; 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Influence of alignment of the pyramid on its beneficial effects

455-458The present study was aimed to find out whether a change in the alignment of the pyramid from the north-south axis causes any variation in the effects produced by it on plasma cortisol levels and markers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes of adult female Wistar rats. Plasma cortisol and erythrocyte TBARS levels were significantly lower whereas erythrocyte GSH was significantly higher in rats kept in pyramid that was aligned on the four cardinal points¾north, east, south and west, as compared to normal control rats. Although there was a significant difference in the plasma cortisol level between normal control group and the group of rats kept in randomly aligned pyramid, there was no significant difference between these two groups for the other parameters. Erythrocyte TBARS levels in the group of rats kept in the randomly aligned pyramid was significantly higher than that in the group kept in the magnetically aligned pyramid. The results suggest that the north-south alignment of the pyramid is crucial for its expected effects