Microtubular Structured Scaffolds for Testicular Tissue Engineering

The study was aimed at synthesizing a macro-porous scaffolds through ionotropic gelation of sodium alginate and copper sulphate. The synthesized scaffolds were observed with regularly aligned pore channels of diameter about 25 to 40µm. Produced scaffolds were further analysed by SEM, EDS, FTIR, and protein adsorption, hemocompatbility for their biocompatibility. EDS results showed the removal of copper from gel scaffolds and hemocompatability proved the scaffolds are highly biocompatible

Age Estimation by the Study of Cranial Suture Closure

INTRODUCTION : Identification is recognition of an individual by means of various physical features and biological parameters, which are unique to each individual. There are various established parameters for identification of an individual. These are external features (such as birth marks, scar, tattoo marks, occupational marks, malformations), personal features (such as clothes, speech, habits, handwriting), assessment of age and sex, determination of race and stature, anthropometric measurements, finger prints and foot prints, DNA finger printing. Question of identification arises in everyday medico legal practice both in civil and criminal cases. Since the bone resists putrefaction and destruction by animals, they can lead to the reliable determination of age, sex, race, stature of the individual. Age being once of the cardinal parameter for establishing the identity, its estimation is of paramount importance and requires special attention in cases where bodies are found in decomposed, mutilated state or only fragmentary remains are discovered. In adults mainly there are macro and microscopic methods of age estimation. The principal macroscopic changes are metamorphosis of pubic symphysis, closure of cranial sutures and degenerative changes in vertebral bodies and joints. The use of cranial sutures for age estimation has always been a matter of considerable debate and its reliability within the parameter has not been demonstrated conclusively by various researchers. Only handful of studies has been conducted in India, and data on heterogeneous population of Delhi region is virtually nonexistent. It may not be difficult to determine the age of the person with certain degree of accuracy from birth onwards as far as up to 25 years. The determination of age is needed for employment, marriage, majority, management of property, voting right, competency as witness and testamentary capacity. The significance of determination of the age is most important in the criminal cases, such as rape, infanticide, kidnapping, prostitution, juvenile delinquency and criminal responsibility. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES : 1. To study the chronology and pattern of union of endocranial sutures namely coronal, sagittal and lambdoid etc. 2. To detect bilateral and bisexual variations in endocranial suture closure if any. 3. To specify the relationship between progression of union of endocranial suture and age of the subject. 4. To formulate a practical method of estimation of age based on the status of the progression of the closure of sutures using the data collected. MATERIALS AND METHODS : The study was conducted on cases coming for medico‐legal postmortem examination to the Institute of Forensic medicine, Madras Medical College, Chennai, during a period of September 2008 to August 2009. Study design: A descriptive cross‐sectional study. Inclusion criteria: 1. The cases of known age coming for medicolegal postmortem examination. Age was confirmed by documentary evidences like birth certificate, identification cards, ration card, etc. 2. Subjects of more than 20 years of age were taken. Exclusion criteria: 1. Unknown, unclaimed bodies where exact age cannot be confirmed. 2. Cases showing deformed or diseased or fractured skull, which may hamper the study of suture closure. Methods: 100 cases of age 20 and above were studied. Documentary proof of age was collected. After reflecting the scalp, coronal, sagittal, lambdoid sutures were studied applying Acsadi‐Nemeskeri scale endocranially, after removing the calvaria by craniotome taking due care to include complete coronal and sagittal suture. Lambdoid suture was studied in‐situ. The calvarium was cleaned of soft tissues and was dried, which made the sutures more prominent.. The obliteration of the sutures was ascertained endocranially. Degree of closure was scored in 16 parts of the main cranial sutures as has been done by Acsardi‐Nemeskeri. CONCLUSIONS : 1. There is some correlation between endocranial suture closure and age upto 40‐50 year’s age group, there after there is no significant correlation. Any attempt to derive a reliable formula to estimate the age from score of suture closure was met with failure for the following reasons: 1) the trend of correlation is neither increasing nor decreasing with age, 2) the sample size is too small to derive a formula 3) unequal distribution of males and females in the study sample. 2 Though there is some difference in suture closure in males and females, it is not significant statistically. (Females showed earlier union than males in the age group 20‐29, in the other age groups suture closure occurred earlier in males). 3 There is no significant variation in suture closure of right and left sides of coronal and lambdoid sutures; 4. Endocranially: coronal suture closes earlier followed by sagittal and lambdoid. 5. Within sagittal suture segment, pars obelica(S3) closes earlier followed by pars lambdica(S4), pars vertices(S2), pars bregmatica(S1). In the coronal suture, pars complicata(C2) unites earlier followed by pars bregmatica(C1) and pars pterica(C3). In lambdoid suture pars asterica(L3) closesearlier followed by pars intermedia(L2) and pars lambdica(L1). 6. Endocranial union starts 20‐29 age groups but progression is not uniform. Complete closure (mean value > 3.5) of sagittal and lambdoid sutures occurs in the age group of 60‐69 years whereas in the coronol it occurs by 50‐59 years. 7. Although cross‐sectional in nature, suture obliteration patterns (totally open, totally closed, partially open, and partially closed) are not temporary progressive stages on an age scale, but rather independent permanent phenomena. 8. Commencement and complete obliteration of a segment of the entire suture is so erratic that it is not amenable for estimating the age

Condition based Ensemble Deep Learning and Machine Learning Classification Technique for Integrated Potential Fishing Zone Future Forecasting

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have become a popular application in order to improve the sustainability of smart fisheries. Although the ultimate objective of AI applications is often described as sustainability, there is yet no proof as to how AI contributes to sustainable fisheries. The proper monitoring of the longitudinal delivery of different human impacts on activities such as fishing is a major concern today in aquatic conservation. The term "potential fishing zone" (PFZ) refers to an anticipated area of any given sea where a variety of fish may congregate for some time. The forecast is made based on factors including the sea surface temperature (SST) and the sea superficial chlorophyll attentiveness. Fishing advisories are a by-product of the identification procedure. Normalization and preliminary processing are applied to these unprocessed data. The gathered attributes, together with financial derivatives and geometric features, are then utilised to make projections about IPFZ's Technique are used to get the final determination (CECT). In this study, we offer a technique for identifying and mapping fishing activity. Experimentations are performed to validate the efficacy of the CECT method in comparison to machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods across a variety of measurable parameters. Results showed that CECT obtained 94% accuracy, while Convolutional neural network only managed 92% accuracy on 80% training data and 20% testing data

Telefacturing Based Distributed Manufacturing Environment for Optimal Manufacturing Service by Enhancing the Interoperability in the Hubs

Recent happenings are surrounding the manufacturing sector leading to intense progress towards the development of effective distributed collaborative manufacturing environments. This evolving collaborative manufacturing not only focuses on digitalisation of this environment but also necessitates service-dependent manufacturing system that offers an uninterrupted approach to a number of diverse, complicated, dynamic manufacturing operations management systems at a common work place (hub). This research presents a novel telefacturing based distributed manufacturing environment for recommending the manufacturing services based on the user preferences. The first step in this direction is to deploy the most advanced tools and techniques, that is, Ontology-based Protege 5.0 software for transforming the huge stored knowledge/information into XML schema of Ontology Language (OWL) documents and Integration of Process Planning and Scheduling (IPPS) for multijobs in a collaborative manufacturing system. Thereafter, we also investigate the possibilities of allocation of skilled workers to the best feasible operations sequence. In this context, a mathematical model is formulated for the considered objectives, that is, minimization of makespan and total training cost of the workers. With an evolutionary algorithm and developed heuristic algorithm, the performance of the proposed manufacturing system has been improved. Finally, to manifest the capability of the proposed approach, an illustrative example from the real-time manufacturing industry is validated for optimal service recommendation.This work has been supported by by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tom and Jerry Based Multipath Routing with Optimal K-medoids for choosing Best Clusterhead in MANET

Given the unpredictable nature of a MANET, routing has emerged as a major challenge in recent years. For effective routing in a MANET, it is necessary to establish both the route discovery and the best route selection from among many routes. The primary focus of this investigation is on finding the best path for data transmission in MANETs. In this research, we provide an efficient routing technique for minimising the time spent passing data between routers. Here, we employ a routing strategy based on Tom and Jerry Optimization (TJO) to find the best path via the MANET's routers, called Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV). The AODV-TJO acronym stands for the suggested approach. This routing technique takes into account not just one but three goal functions: total number of hops. When a node or connection fails in a network, rerouting must be done. In order to prevent packet loss, the MANET employs this rerouting technique. Analyses of AODV-efficacy TJO's are conducted, and results are presented in terms of energy use, end-to-end latency, and bandwidth, as well as the proportion of living and dead nodes. Vortex Search Algorithm (VSO) and cuckoo search are compared to the AODV-TJO approach in terms of performance. Based on the findings, the AODV-TJO approach uses 580 J less energy than the Cuckoo search algorithm when used with 500 nodes

Prediction of Alzheimer Disease using LeNet-CNN model with Optimal Adaptive Bilateral Filtering

Alzheimer's disease is a kind of degenerative dementia that causes progressively worsening memory loss and other cognitive and physical impairments over time. Mini-Mental State Examinations and other screening tools are helpful for early detection, but diagnostic MRI brain analysis is required. When Alzheimer's disease (AD) is detected in its earliest stages, patients may begin protective treatments before permanent brain damage has occurred. The characteristics of the lesion sites in AD affected role, as identified by MRI, exhibit great variety and are dispersed across the image space, as demonstrated in cross-sectional imaging investigations of the disease. Optimized Adaptive Bilateral filtering using a deep learning model was suggested as part of this study's approach toward this end. Denoising the pictures with the help of the suggested adaptive bilateral filter is the first stage (ABF). The ABF improves denoising in edge, detail, and homogenous areas separately. After then, the ABF is given a weight, and the Adaptive Equilibrium Optimizer is used to determine the best possible value for that weight (AEO). LeNet, a CNN model, is then used to complete the AD organization. The first step in using the LeNet-5 network model to identify AD is to study the model's structure and parameters. The ADNI experimental dataset was used to verify the suggested technique and compare it to other models. The experimental findings prove that the suggested method can achieve a classification accuracy of 97.43%, 98.09% specificity, 97.12% sensitivity, and 89.67% Kappa index. When compared against competing algorithms, the suggested model emerges victorious

Development of Deep Learning based Intelligent Approach for Credit Card Fraud Detection

Credit card fraud (CCF) has long been a major concern of institutions of financial groups and business partners, and it is also a global interest to researchers due to its growing popularity. In order to predict and detect the CCF, machine learning (ML) has proven to be one of the most promising techniques. But, class inequality is one of the main and recurring challenges when dealing with CCF tasks that hinder model performance. To overcome this challenges, a Deep Learning (DL) techniques are used by the researchers. In this research work, an efficient CCF detection (CCFD) system is developed by proposing a hybrid model called Convolutional Neural Network with Recurrent Neural Network (CNN-RNN). In this model, CNN acts as feature extraction for extracting the valuable information of CCF data and long-term dependency features are studied by RNN model. An imbalance problem is solved by Synthetic Minority Over Sampling Technique (SMOTE) technique. An experiment is conducted on European Dataset to validate the performance of CNN-RNN model with existing CNN and RNN model in terms of major parameters. The results proved that CNN-RNN model achieved 95.83% of precision, where CNN achieved 93.63% of precision and RNN achieved 88.50% of precision

Proton NMR characterization of intact primary and metastatic melanoma cells in 2D & 3D cultures

Abstract Objective To characterize the differences between the primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines grown in 2D cultures and 3D cultures. Methods Primary melanoma cells (WM115) and metastatic melanoma cells (WM266) extracted from a single donor was cultured in 2D as well as 3D cultures. These cells were characterized using proton NMR spectrometry, and the qualitative chemical shifts markers were identified and discussed. Results In monolayer culture (2D), we observed one qualitative chemical shift marker for primary melanoma cells. In spheroid cultures (3D), we observed nine significant chemical shifts, of which eight markers were specific for primary melanoma spheroids, whereas the other one marker was specific to metastatic melanoma spheroids. This study suggests that the glucose accumulation and phospholipid composition vary significantly between the primary and metastatic cells lines that are obtained from a single donor and also with the cell culturing methods. 14 qualitative chemical shift markers were obtained in the comparison between monolayer culture and spheroids cultures irrespective of the differences in the cell lines. Among which 4 were unique to monolayer cultures whereas 10 chemical shifts were unique to the spheroid cultures. This study also shows that the method of cell culture would drastically affect the phospholipid composition of the cells and also depicts that the cells in spheroid culture closely resembles the cells in vivo. Conclusion This study shows the high specificity of proton NMR spectrometry in characterizing cancer cell lines and also shows the variations in the glucose accumulation and phospholipid composition between the primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines from the same donor. Differences in the cell culture method does plays an important role in phospholipid composition of the cells

(E)-1,3-Dimethyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one O-(phenoxycarbonyl)oxime

The title piperidine derivative, C26H26N2O3, has an E conformation about the N=C bond. The piperidine ring has a chair conformation and its mean plane is almost perpendicular to the attached phenyl rings, making dihedral angles of 87.47 (9) and 87.34 (8)°. The planes of these two phenyl rings are inclined to one another by 60.38 (9)°. The plane of the terminal phenyl ring is tilted at an angle of 32.79 (9)° to the mean plane of the piperidine ring. The molecular conformation is stabilized by two intramolecular C—H...O contacts. There are no significant intermolecular interactions in the crystal