THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL HAZARDS ON SOIL DEGRADATION AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY IN THE CRIMEA

The information of the impact of adverse natural phenomena related with the high temperature regime, deficit of precipitation and strong winds on the soil erosion, growth and yield of the crop. The status of shelterbelt, their ecological significance and the role of melioration and soil protection tillage systems in the Republic of Crimea are discussed

SPECIALIZED RAPESEED CROP ROTATION SEQUENCES IN THE STEPPE CRIMEA

The frequently changing market conditions of agricultural products require growing new and almost forgotten crops. Winter rapeseed is one of them. In the last decade its growing areas were increased to 14.000 ha on average, and in some years (2008) they were 30.000 ha. The main way to receive high yield of winter rapeseed in the Crimea is its proper place in the crop rotation sequences. The article gives the results of the study of winter rapeseed and wheat in the four specialized crop rotation sequences, where the rapeseed was sown in the bare (‘black’) fallow land and fallow winter wheat, and the wheat was sown after rapeseed, bare (‘black’) fallow and fallow wheat. The conducted analysis of weather conditions of the years showed, that during presowing and sowing periods there was the least amount of precipitations and it didn’t allow receiving the timely germination of rapeseed. The studying ancestors affected on the productivity of all crops participating in the crop rotation sequences. The rapeseed productivity during two crop rotation sequences (bare fallow) was 2.23 t/ha on average, but it was 1.60 t/ha in the direct reseeding. The productivity of the winter wheat sown after the rapeseed depended a lot on the ancestor: after the fallow rapeseed it was higher than in the direct reseeding (8% on average); after the rapeseed, sown after the wheat it was lower than in the direct reseeding (3%)

Mustard (

The aim of the research was to study the cultivation of Sarepta mustard in the first and white mustard in the second rotation of the crop rotation. The experiments show the yield, its dependence on the timing of sowing mustard, the amount of productive moisture, weediness of crops in the links of crop rotations with mustard and mustard as a precursor. The main tillage in fallow is ploughing, whereas shallow and surface loosening are used for all other crops, including mustard. Mineral fertilizers for mustard were applied in autumn with a dose of N60P60 for the main tillage. An analysis of the yield by crop rotation with the title field of fallow and clean fallow showed that the average yield of mustard was 1.25 and 1.14 t/ha, respectively. It follows from this that, in the crop rotation with pure fallow, there was a tendency to increase the yield by 0.1 to 0.5 t/ha in comparison with the crop rotation where the fallow is occupied, but these increases are mathematically unprovable. The reserves of productive moisture for sowing mustard in crop rotations with the header field of clean and occupied fallow were the same both in the arable and meter horizons