Prognostic Value of CYP1A2 (rs2069514 and rs762551) Polymorphisms in COVID-19 Patients

The aim of the study was to examine the genotype-allele determination of CYP1A2 rs2069514 and rs762551 polymorphisms in patients with mild and severe COVID-19 and to determine their effectiveness as prognostic criteria in COVID-19. The study consists of 60 patients who were hospitalized in intensive care or outpatient treatment due to COVID-19 in Istanbul NP Brain Hospital between 2020–2021. Genotyping was conducted by Real-Time PCR. Age (p<0.001); chronic disease (p=0.002); cardiovascular disease (p=0.004); respiratory distress (p<0.001); neurological disease (p=0.004); fatigue (p=0.048); loss of taste and smell (p=0.003); nausea/vomiting (p=0.026); intubated (p<0.001); ground glass image (p<0.001) and CYP1A2 genotypes (p<0.001) showed a statistically significant difference between patients with and without intensive care admission. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, CYP1A2 *1A/*1C + *1C/*1C genotypes (OR:5.23 95% CI: 1.22–22.36; p=0.025), chronic disease (OR:4.68 95% CI:1.14–19.15; p=0.032) or patients at 65 years or older (OR:5.17, 95%CI:1.26–21.14; p=0.022) increased the risk of admission to the intensive care unit. According to our results, we strongly suggest considering the CYP1A2 rs2069514 and rs762551 polymorphisms as important predictors of Intensive Care Unit admission in patients with COVID-19, and we also suggest that genotype results will guide clinicians for the benefit and the efficiency of the treatment

Debating unamendability: deadlock in Turkey's constitution-making process

Constitutional Conciliation Commission (Anayasa Uzlaşma Komisyonu—AUK) of Turkey, established after the 2011 general elections but called off after the commission could not overcome an impasse on a number of issues, was nevertheless a significant step in Turkey’s constitutional development. One of the issues that led to the deadlock in the commission was the issue of unamendable articles. A point of divide among the four parties that made up the commission was whether the new constitution would maintain the eternal clauses of the present constitution that entrench the republic form of the state, its characteristics, and its language or whether it would not include any irrevocable articles. Except the republic’s first constitution of 1921, the three constitutions of modern Turkey included unamendable constitutional provisions, which had previously led to political and constitutional controversies. The subject of unamendable articles was one of the last issues that the commission discussed before the 25 months of enterprise was dissolved. This article traces the evolution of unamendable articles in Turkish constitutions, examines the political parties’ proposals for the draft constitution aand analyzes the debates conducted within AUK. It concludes that members of the AUK held irreconcilable positions with respect to unamendability and unamendable articles, which contributed to the breakdown of the negotiations