Providing humanitarian assistance behind rebel lines : UNICEF's Eastern Zaïre operation 1996 - 1998

The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate how a multilateral agency responds in an extreme political situation where it must work with a state-within-a-state, and to illustrate legal, ethical, and practical issues that may arise in such situations. Implications for theory and policy are derived. In the case of Eastern Zaire (now part of Congo DR) a rebel alliance became the de jure government, and this fell apart to such an extent that a rebel state-within-a-state was re-established in the heartland of the previous rebellion even before armed conflict broke out again

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF STATE TERROR

This paper analyzes factors contributing to terrorism, using its initial meaning from the French Revolution in which the state is the terrorist. The independent economic variables are mineral exports/GDP, military expenditures/GDP, real GDP growth, real per capita GDP, and population density, and the dependent variable is democide, the murder of people by government. Analysis of the data indicates that mineral exports and poor economic performance (both level and growth of income) increase the probability of democides. However, once regime type (democracy) is controlled for, only mineral exports remain statistically robust. Therefore, the control of rents seems to be a major factor contributing to democides.Democide, Terror, Rent seeking,