THE STUDY OF THE MODEL INTERVAL TIME IN 400M HURDLE RACE FOR MEN

Introduction The purpose of this study was to calculate and evaluate the equations for the model interval time of 400m hurdle race for men. The total number of samples were 651. Interval time was defined as the time from starting point to the first touchdown after hurdling, and between each touchdown there-after. The samples were divided into 8 groups according to performance time. The performance range were 48.79- 59.45sec. 11 equations for each group were calculated from the samples. RESULTS High correlation between each interval time and performance time was obtained. the correlation coefficient between 8th i n t e r v a l t i m e and performance was the highest in particular. Performance time correlated with the 2-9th interval time in group A (48.48- 50.99,n=41). Performance time correlated with the 2,3,5th interval time in group B (51.1 3- 51.97,n=55). Performance time correlated with the 5-8th interval time in group C (52.00- 52.99,n=I 14). Performance time correlated with the 3th,8-10th interval time in group D(53.00 -53.99,n=143). Performance time correlated with the 5-8th interval time in group E (54.00- 54.98,n=126). Performance time correlated with the 6-8th interval time in group F (55.00- 55.99,n=82). Performance time correlated with the 7-8th interval time in group G (56.02- 56.94,n=32). Performance time correlated with the 8-10th interval time in group H (57.08-59.45,n=48). CONCLUSION The performance time correlated significantly with the 8th interval time in 7 groups(A,C,D,E,F,G,H). Furthermore performance time corelated with the 7th and 9th interval in 5 groups. Therefore, it is suggested that performance correlates highly with the latter half of race, especially the 8th interval. In conclusion, in order to improve overall performance, it is important to improve the performance between the 7th and the 9th interval. REFERENCES 1)Ken M1YASHITA:The study of model touchdown time for 11 Om hurdle race: RESERCH QUATERLY FOR ATHLETICS, 14,pplO-20,1993 2)Masatoshi MORITA, kouichi IGARASHI :The case study on the race of top hurdler in the world-The Ill WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS IN ATHLETICS TOKYO 1991 -: RESERCH QUATERLY FOR ATHLETICS,ll ,pp2-13,199

Inhibition of Renin-Angiotensin System Reverses Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Estrogen Deficient Rats

BACKGROUND: Estrogen deficiency increases the cardiovascular risks in postmenopausal women. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and associated oxidative stress confers a cardiovascular protection, but the role of RAS in estrogen deficiency-related vascular dysfunction is unclear. The present study investigates whether the up-regulation of RAS and associated oxidative stress contributes to the development of endothelial dysfunction during estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Adult female rats were ovariectomized with and without chronic treatment with valsartan and enalapril. Isometric force measurement was performed in isolated aortae. The expression of RAS components was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting method while ROS accumulation in the vascular wall was evaluated by dihydroethidium fluorescence. Ovariectomy increased the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R), NAD(P)H oxidase, and nitrotyrosine in the rat aorta. An over-production of angiotensin II and ROS was accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser(1177) in OVX rat aortae. These pathophysiological changes were closely coupled with increased oxidative stress and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability, culminating in markedly impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations. Furthermore, endothelial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress in aortae of OVX rats were inhibited or reversed by chronic RAS inhibition with enalapril or valsartan. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The novel findings highlight a significant therapeutic benefit of RAS blockade in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction-related vascular complications in postmenopausal states

Fibrillary glomerulonephritis with small fibrils in a patient with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome successfully treated with immunosuppressive therapy

10.1186/1471-2369-8-7BMC Nephrology8

Advances in heterometallic ring-opening (co)polymerisation catalysis

Truly sustainable plastics require renewable feedstocks coupled with efficient production and end-of-life degradation/recycling processes. Some of the most useful degradable materials are aliphatic polyesters, polycarbonates and polyamides, which are often prepared via ring-opening (co)polymerisation (RO(CO)P) using an organometallic catalyst. While there has been extensive research into ligand development, heterometallic cooperativity offers an equally promising yet underexplored strategy to improve catalyst performance, as heterometallic catalysts often exhibit significant activity and selectivity enhancements compared to their homometallic counterparts. This review describes advances in heterometallic RO(CO)P catalyst design, highlighting the overarching structure-activity trends and reactivity patterns to inform future catalyst design