Effects of straight groin parameters on amount of accretion

Various types of structures are used in shore protection and littoral sediment trapping. Groins are one of these structures. The main hydraulic function of the groin is to control the long shore current and littoral sediment transport. In this paper, the effects of various groin parameters (length and spacing) and wave parameters (wave height, wave period and wave angle) on the accretion of the area protected by straight groin were studied in a physical model. The model studies were performed using regular waves in a basin. A numerical model which depends primarily on a CERC model is employed to examine the effects of some of the above parameters. Good agreement was found in the results of physical and numerical models. The results of a numerical model are compared with field data that were obtained by deep sounding measurements at Çarşi{dotless}başi{dotless} coasts, Trabzon Province, Turkey. The important outcome from this study may be employed in designing of straight groins

Estimation of the beach bar parameters using the genetic algorithms

Waves, topographic characteristics and material properties are the most significant factors, which affect the sediment movement and coastal profiles. In this study, considering the wave height (H0) and period (T), the bed slope (m) and the sediment diameter (d50), the cross-shore sediment movement is investigated using a physical model and obtained 80 experimental data for offshore bar geometric parameters. The experimental results are also evaluated by the genetic algorithms (GAs) that are limitedly employed in coastal engineering applications. The results of GAs model and equations cited in the literature are compared with the experimental results. It is concluded that estimates of bar parameters by the GAs give a better estimation performance with respect to other conventional methods. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Investigation of the effects of offshore breakwater parameters on sediment accumulation

Littoral sediment transport is the main reason for coastal erosion and accretion. Therefore, various types of structures are used in shore protection and littoral sediment trapping studies. Offshore breakwaters are one of these structures. Construction of offshore breakwaters is one of the main countermeasures against beach erosion. In this paper, offshore protection process is studied on the effect of offshore breakwater parameters (length, distance and gap), wave parameters (height, period and angle) and on sediment accumulation ratio, one researched in a physical model. In addition to the experimental studies, numerical model in which the formulae of the sediment discharge (i.e. the formulae of CERC and Kamphuis), was used was developed and employed. The results of the experimental and numerical studies were compared with each other. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Effects of T-shape groin parameters on beach accretion

The effects of various groin parameters (length, head length and opening) and wave parameters (wave height, wave period and wave angle) on the accretion of the area protected by T-shape groins are studied in a physical model. The model studies are performed using regular waves in a basin. A numerical model which depends primarily on a CERC model is employed to examine the effects of some of the above parameters. Good agreement is found in the results of physical and numerical models. The results of a numerical model are compared with field data obtained by deep sounding measurements at Of coasts, Trabzon Province, Turkey. The finding from this study may be employed in designing T-shape groins. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The effects of nourishment material size, wave and berm heights on artificial nourishment

7th International Conference on the Mediterranean Coastal Environment, MEDCOAST 2005 -- 25 October 2005 through 29 October 2005 -- Kusadasi -- 105144Coastal erosion is one of the most important problems of beaches. Traditional methods, including groins, detached breakwaters, revetments and seawalls, can be effective at local scale and generally cause erosion problems in the vicinity (especially at the down drift sides) of the coasts on which they are applied, while protecting the coasts near them. Artificial beach nourishment is one of the modern methods to be employed in protecting coasts from erosion. The performance of a nourishment project is generally determined by percent remaining material (the ratio of material volume remained at a time to the total material volume used in the nourishment). This ratio (M) depends on various wave, coast and material parameters. In this study, the results of a series of experimental studies, performed to study the effects of wave height (H), nourishing berm height (B) and nourishment material size (D) on M are presented. Experimental studies were performed at the Hydraulic Laboratory Basin, with the dimensions 30*12*1.2 m, in the Civil Engineering Department of Karadeniz Technical University (KTU), Trabzon. The initial bed slope (m=1/15) and wave period (T=1.2s) were constant for each experiment. The length and width of nourishing berm were 2.15 m and 0.30 m. The duration of an experiment was t=90 minutes. During each experiment, bed profiles were measured at 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes. The measuring area was divided 20*20 cm measuring grids. The remaining material volume and remaining ratio were calculated by using the results of the measurements. Three kinds of material (D=0.18, 0.40 and 0.80 mm), three wave heights (H=4.0, 5.5 and 7.0 cm) and two berm heights (B=5 and 8 cm) were employed. According to the results of the experiments, M decreases with H. This decrease is especially significant for fine material (D=0.18mm). For medium (D=0.40 mm) and coarse (D=0.80 mm) material, M values also significantly decrease for high waves (H=7 cm), however, for medium (H=5.5 cm) and small (H=4 cm) waves, the changes in M values are small. For all wave and berm conditions, M increases with D and B. But, the dependence of M to B is less than that to D

Energy situation and renewables in Turkey and environmental effects of energy use

The effects on global and environmental air quality of pollutants released into the atmosphere from fossil fuels in power plants provide strong arguments for the development of renewable energy resources. Clean, domestic and renewable energy is commonly accepted as the key for future life, not only for Turkey but also for the world. In this regard, the objective of this paper is to present a review of the energy situation, technical and economical potential and utilization of renewables, including hydraulic energy, biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy, in Turkey and then concerned with greenhouse gas emissions status, especially in air pollution, and environmental impacts of renewable energy sources. The renewable energy potential of the country, their present utilization, and greenhouse gas emissions status are evaluated based on the available data. The present paper shows that there is an important potential for renewables in Turkey and making use of renewable energy and energy efficiency resources to provide energy services to the electricity consumers can provide significant environmental benefits for Turkey. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved