Benzalkonyum Klorür İçerikli Dezenfektanın EN 13727 Standardına göre Antibakteriyel Etkinliği, Kimyasal Analizi ve Validasyon Çalışmaları

This study was aimed to provide principle of the chemical analyses, antibacterial efficiency test and validation procedures of the most commonly used benzalkonium chloride (BAC) base disinfectant as a biocide. Disinfectant which comprised 20 % BAC concentration was used as a prototype product and active substance was verified with chemical analysis. Additionally, BAC homologs (n-C12 and n-C14) in the product were identified by LC-MS/MS method. The validation results also confirmed the reliability of the chromatographic method. After active substance was confirmed, microbiological efficacy test was carried out against E. coli K12, S. aureus, P. aerugionas and E. hirae. Both bacterial strains were showed more than 5 logaritmic reduction after exposure for 1 min. to test product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validation of chemical analysis of the test product by LC-MS/MS which is developed chromatographic method. Moreover the present study highlights that the antibacterial efficacy of BAC based disinfectant according to European National (EN) Standard. These results exhibited that chemical and microbiological analyses were significantly important before manufacturing and marketing processes of the biocidal products. This was the first study on biocides analysis which was conducted according to the European standard.Bu çalışmada, biyosidal dezenfektan olarak yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan benzalkonyum kolürürün (BAK) kimyasal analizinin, antibakteriyel etkinlik testinin ve validasyon çalışmalarının prensiplerinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. % 20 konsantrasyonda BAK içeren dezenfektan prototip olarak kullanılmıştır ve aktif madde içeriği kimyasal analiz ile doğrulanmıştır. Ayrıca LC-MS/MS metodu ile ürün içeriğinde yer alan BAK homologları (n-C12 and n-C14) tanımlanmıştır. Validasyon sonuçları ile kromotografik metodun güvenilirliği doğrulanmıştır. Aktif maddenin onaylanmısının ardından, mikrobiyolojik etkinlik testleri E. coli K12, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa ve E. hirae bakterilerine karşı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Test ürünü ile 1 dakikalık temasın ardından bütün bakteri şuslarına karşılık 5 logartimik azalmadan fazla düşüş elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, test ürününün kimyasal analizlerinin validasyonunu kromotografik bir metot olan LC-MS/MS ile değerlendirmektir. Ayrıca çalışma, BAC içerikli dezenfaktanların EN standartları ile antibakteriyal etkinliğinin ortaya konmasına ışık tutmaktadır. Bu sonuçlarla biyosidal ürünlerin üretim ve pazarlama öncesi gerçekleştirilen kimyasal ve mikrobiyobiyolojik analizlerinin önemi ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma biyosidal analizlerinin EU standartlarına göre gerçekleştirildiği ilk çalışmadır

In vivo behavior of technetium-99m labeled ibuprofen in infection and inflamation animal models

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop radiolabeled ibuprofen (Tc-99m-ibu) for imaging and discrimination of inflammation and infection and compare its biodistribution in two different animal models.SignificanceThe development of radiolabeled ibuprofen as an imaging agent for inflammation and infection may have significant clinical implications for the diagnosis and management of various inflammatory and infectious diseases. This study provides a promising approach to the detection of sterile infections.MethodsIbuprofen was radiolabeled with Tc-99m using the stannous chloride method with a yield of 99.05 ; PLUSMN; 0.83% (n = 5). The in vivo biological behavior of radiolabeled ibuprofen was determined in Wistar albino rat models of sterile inflammation and bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus gram-positive bacteria. Biodistribution studies were carried out at different time points, and the results were compared between the two animal models.ResultsThe uptake of Tc-99m-ibu in sterile inflammation sites at all time points was higher than that in the infection sites. This suggests that Tc-99m-ibu can be used to discriminate between sterile inflammation and bacterial infection.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the detection of sterile infections with Tc-99m-ibu is possible and highly encouraging.Present study was partially financially supported by the Ege University Scientific Research Project numbered 11NBE010 (Bornova-Izmir, Turkey).Ege University Scientific Research Project (Bornova-Izmir, Turkey) [11NBE010

Tetrachloromethane Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice: Biochemical and Histopathological Study of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Hep-X Standardized Botanical Dietary Supplement

This work was aimed at investigating the hepatoprotective effect of Hep-X, a polyherbal formulation containing Silybum marianum L. (Milk thistle), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary), Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric) and Fumaria officinalis L. (Fumitory) as standardized botanical dietary supplement, on mice with CCl4-induced acute liver injury. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Hep-X were determined as 0.125 and 0.528 mg/mL, respectively. The quercetin content was determined as 50 mu g/mL using HPLC analysis. The total antioxidant capacity showed correlation between the Hep-X concentration and percentage inhibition of free radicals. Hep-X was administered orally at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w./day against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The hepatic damage was measured using blood biochemical parameters. Animals upon Hep-X treatment exhibited better drug effIcacy in certain blood parameters than silymarin-treated mice. Also, Hep-X administration significantly ameliorated the liver damage by suppressing iNOS expression and apoptosis as well as by recovery of the histological structure. The obtained results suggest that Hep-X is able to significantly alleviate the hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in mice, which can be due to antioxidant properties of the polyherbal formulation.This study was supported by the Naturin Nutraceuticals Products Company Izmir, Turkey and Ege University, Faculty of Science (Project Number 2012/ILAM/002)Naturin Nutraceuticals Products Company Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, Faculty of Science [2012/ILAM/002