23 research outputs found
Parenchymal cystatin C focal deposits and glial scar formation around brain arteries in Hereditary Cystatin C Amyloid Angiopathy
Deposition of collagen IV and aggrecan in leptomeningeal arteries of hereditary brain haemorrhage with amyloidosis
CSF p-tau increase in response to A beta-type and Danish-type cerebral amyloidosis and in the absence of neurofibrillary tangles
Highly potent soluble amyloid-beta seeds in human Alzheimer brain but not cerebrospinal fluid
Serum neurofilament dynamics predicts neurodegeneration and clinical progression in presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease
Conversion of Synthetic A beta to In Vivo Active Seeds and Amyloid Plaque Formation in a Hippocampal Slice Culture Model
Serum Levels of Progranulin Do Not Reflect Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels in Neurodegenerative Disease
Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels are associated with macrophage infiltration into tumor tissues of glioma patients
Abstract Background Diffuse gliomas are the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system with poor treatment efficacy. Infiltration of immune cells into tumors during immunosurveillance is observed in multiple tumor entities and often associated with a favorable outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in gliomas and their association with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine concentrations. Methods We applied immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue sections of 18 high-grade glioma (HGG) patients (4 anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype WHO-III; 14 glioblastomas (GBM), IDH-wildtype WHO-IV) in order to assess and quantify leucocytes (CD45) and macrophages (CD68, CD163) within the tumor core, infiltration zone and perivascular spaces. In addition, we quantified the concentrations of 30 cytokines in the same patients’ CSF and in 14 non-inflammatory controls. Results We observed a significantly higher percentage of CD68+ macrophages (21–27%) in all examined tumor areas when compared to CD45+ leucocytes (ca. 3–7%); CD163+ cell infiltration was between 5 and 15%. Compared to the tumor core, significantly more macrophages and leucocytes were detectable within the perivascular area. The brain parenchyma showing a lower tumor cell density seems to be less infiltrated by macrophages. Interleukin (IL)-7 was significantly downregulated in CSF of GBM patients compared to controls. Additionally, CD68+ macrophage infiltrates showed significant correlations with the expression of eotaxin, interferon-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, IL-16 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the infiltration of lymphocytes is generally low in HGG, and does not correlate with cytokine concentrations in the CSF. In contrast, macrophage infiltrates in HGG are associated with CSF cytokine changes that possibly shape the tumor microenvironment. Although results point towards an escape from immunosurveillance or even exploitation of immune cells by HGG, further studies are necessary to decipher the exact role of the immune system in these tumors