317 research outputs found
An alternative construction of the positive inner product for pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians: Examples
This paper builds on our earlier proposal for construction of a positive
inner product for pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians and we give several examples to
clarify our method. We show through the example of the harmonic oscillator how
our construction applies equally well to Hermitian Hamiltonians which form a
subset of pseudo-Hermitian systems. For finite dimensional pseudo-Hermitian
matrix Hamiltonians we construct the positive inner product (in the case of
matrices for both real as well as complex eigenvalues). When the
quantum mechanical system cannot be diagonalized exactly, our construction can
be carried out perturbatively and we develop the general formalism for such a
perturbative calculation systematically (for real eigenvalues). We illustrate
how this general formalism works out in practice by calculating the inner
product for a couple of symmetric quantum mechanical theories.Comment: 9 pages, revte
Invisible Higgs boson, continuous mass fields and unHiggs mechanism
We explore the consequences of an electroweak symmetry breaking sector which
exhibits approximately scale invariant dynamics -- i.e., nontrivial fixed point
behavior, as in unparticle models. One can think of an unHiggs as a composite
Higgs boson with a continuous mass distribution. We find it convenient to
represent the unHiggs in terms of a Kallen-Lehmann spectral function, from
which it is simple to verify the generation of gauge boson and fermion masses,
and unitarization of WW scattering. We show that a spectral function with broad
support, which corresponds to approximate fixed point behavior over an extended
range of energy, can lead to an effectively invisible Higgs particle, whose
decays at LEP or LHC could be obscured by background.Comment: 8 page
On the Summation of Feynman Graphs
A functional method to achieve the summation of all Feynman graphs relevant
to a particular Field Theory process is suggested, and applied to QED,
demonstrating manifestly gauge invariant calculations of the dressed photon
propagator in approximations of increas- ing complexity. These lead in a
natural way to the extraction of the leading logarithmic divergences of every
perturbative order, and to a demonstration of the possible cancellation of all
such divergences in the calculation of the (inverse of the) photon's
wavefunction renormalization constant Z3. This analysis provides a qualitative
understanding of why the measured value of the renormalized fine structure
constant is, approximately, 1/137
Supersymmetric Corrections to the Threshold Production of Top Quark Pairs
In this paper we investigate supersymmetric effects to the threshold
production cross section of top quark pairs in electron positron annihilation.
In particular, we consider the complete one-loop corrections from the strong
and weak sector of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure
Amplitude Zeroes in Collinear Processes or What Is Left from a Factorizable 2d Model in Higher Dimensions
We show that for collinear processes, i.e. processes where the incoming and
outgoing momenta are aligned along the same line, the S-matrix of the tree
level 2+1 dimensional Thirring model factorizes: any S - matrix element is a
product of elements. In particular this means nullification of
all collinear amplitudes for .Comment: latex , 8 pp., 2 fig. not include
Properties of the Scale Invariant Lipatov Kernel
We study the scale-invariant kernel which appears as an infra-red
contribution in the BFKL evolution equation and is constructed via
multiparticle -channel unitarity. We detail the variety of Ward identity
constraints and infra-red cancellations that characterize its infrared
behaviour. We give an analytic form for the full non-forward kernel. For the
forward kernel controlling parton evolution at small-x, we give an impact
parameter representation, derive the eigenvalue spectrum, and demonstrate a
holomorphic factorisation property related to conformal invariance. The results
show that, at next-to-leading-order, the transverse momentum infra-red region
may produce a strong reduction of the BFKL small-x behavior.Comment: 41 pages in latex, 16 figs. in a uu-encoded ps-fil
Renormalizable 1/N_f Expansion for Field Theories in Extra Dimensions
We demonstrate how one can construct renormalizable perturbative expansion in
formally nonrenormalizable higher dimensional field theories. It is based on
-expansion and results in a logarithmically divergent perturbation
theory in arbitrary high space-time dimension. First, we consider a simple
example of -component scalar filed theory and then extend this approach to
Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories with fermions. In the latter case,
due to self-interaction of non-Abelian fields the proposed recipe requires some
modification which, however, does not change the main results. The resulting
effective coupling is dimensionless and is running in accordance with the usual
RG equations. The corresponding beta function is calculated in the leading
order and is nonpolynomial in effective coupling. It exhibits either UV
asymptotically free or IR free behaviour depending on the dimension of
space-time. The original dimensionful coupling plays a role of a mass and is
also logarithmically renormalized. We analyze also the analytical properties of
a resulting theory and demonstrate that in general it acquires several ghost
states with negative and/or complex masses. In the former case, the ghost state
can be removed by a proper choice of the coupling. As for the states with
complex conjugated masses, their contribution to physical amplitudes cancels so
that the theory appears to be unitary.Comment: 32 pages, 20 figure
Lamb shift in muonic deuterium atom
We present new investigation of the Lamb shift (2P_{1/2}-2S_{1/2}) in muonic
deuterium (mu d) atom using the three-dimensional quasipotential method in
quantum electrodynamics. The vacuum polarization, nuclear structure and recoil
effects are calculated with the account of contributions of orders alpha^3,
alpha^4, alpha^5 and alpha^6. The results are compared with earlier performed
calculations. The obtained numerical value of the Lamb shift 202.4139 meV can
be considered as a reliable estimate for the comparison with forthcoming
experimental data.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:hep-ph/061229
Lamb Shift in Muonic Hydrogen
The Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen continues to be a subject of experimental
and theoretical investigation. Here my older work on the subject is updated to
provide a complementary calculation of the energies of the 2p-2s transitions in
muonic hydrogen.Comment: 15 pages, no figures. 2 small misprints corrected. Published in Phys.
Rev.
Combined Oxides of Iron, Manganese and Silica as Oxygen Carriers for Chemical-Looping Combustion
Spray-dried particles with the chemical compositions of Fe0.66Mn1.33SiO3 and FeMnSiO3 have been examined as oxygen carrier materials for chemical-looping combustion. The performance of the materials was examined in oxygen release experiments and during fuel operation with natural gas and syngas. The experiments were carried out in a fluidized-bed chemical-looping reactor system designed for a thermal power of 300 W. The reactor system includes an air reactor and a fuel reactor, as well as loop seals and means for circulation of the oxygen carrier particles. Both materials were able to release gas phase oxygen in inert atmosphere at temperatures between 800-950°C, and with approximately equal oxygen concentrations. Fe0.66Mn1.33SiO3 provided higher conversion of natural gas as compared to FeMnSiO3 and the fuel conversion increased with temperature for both materials. During natural gas operation with Fe0.66Mn1.33SiO3 the conversion reached 100% at around 950°C with a fuel reactor inventory of 235 kg/MW. The fuel conversion was improved when the solids inventory was increased; this improvement could especially be observed for FeMnSiO3 as the fuel conversion was lower for this material. Fe0.66Mn1.33SiO3 provided higher fuel conversion than FeMnSiO3 also when syngas was used as fuel. The fuel conversion increased with temperature for both materials and full conversion was reached above 800°C with a fuel reactor inventory of 225 kg/MW for Fe0.66Mn1.33SiO3, while FeMnSiO3 was incapable of providing full conversion. A rather large elutriation of fines and a significant change in particle size distribution could be observed during operation for both materials.
Both materials could work as oxygen carrier for chemical-looping with oxygen uncoupling. Fe0.66Mn1.33SiO3 would be preferred as it has higher conversion of both syngas and natural gas, but the attrition behavior of the material would need to be further investigated
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