Market Opportunities and Challenges for Indian Organic Products

Organic agriculture offers trade opportunities for farmers in the developing and developed countries. This market of organic products is expected to grow globally in the coming years and high growth rates over the medium term (from 10-15 to 25-30 %) are expected (Yussefi and Willer, 2002). This organic market expansion makes it possible for farmers to reap the benefits of a trade with relatively high price premiums (Yussefi and Willer, 2002). However, this market is not very well known to most farmers, especially those living in the developing countries. Furthermore, information about it is not readily available to farmers in the developing countries. The absence of sufficient technical and market information and financial support also means that few farmers will risk changing their method of production. In developing countries it is therefore essential for major key players (e.g. NGOs, farmer organizations, traders, exporters etc.) that promote organic farming to have up-to-date information on the available opportunities (market requirements) and trends of the organic market. One example is India, a country with a huge number of small farmers who still use traditional methods and do farming with few agricultural inputs. NGOs that promote organic farming and other organizations support farmers in these aspects. An organic movement is now emerging in India on different levels (producer groups, trainers and advisors, certification bodies and processors and traders). So dissemination of information about the opportunities and challenges for Indian organic products on the domestic and international market is of fundamental concern in order to allow continued development of the organic agriculture movement in this country

Impact of Gd doping on morphology and superconductivity of NbN sputtered thin films

We report effect of Gd inclusion in the NbN superconductor thin films. The films are deposited on single crystalline Silicon (100) by DC reactive sputtering technique i.e., deposition of Nb and Gd in presence of reactive N2 gas. The fabricated relatively thick films (400 nm) are crystallized in cubic structure. These films are characterized for their morphology, elemental analysis and roughness by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) respectively. The optimized film (maximum Tc) is achieved with gas ratio of Ar:N2 (80:20) for both pristine and Gd doped films. The optimized NbN film possesses Tc (R=0) in zero and 140kOe fields are at 14.8K and 8.8K respectively. The Gd doped NbN film showed Tc (R=0) in zero and 130kOe fields at 11.2K and 6.8 K respectively. The upper critical field Hc2(0) of the studied superconducting films is calculated from the magneto-transport [R(T)H] measurements using GL equations. It is found that Gd doping deteriorated the superconducting performance of NbN.Comment: 14 pages Text+Figs: comments/suggestions ([email protected])/www.freewebs.com/vpsawana

Critical issues in Leveraging Blockchain in Healthcare Sector

Blockchain innovation has brought various benefits to the healthcare sector. Utilizing blockchains in clinical contexts will reduce handling time since when a patient signs up for a review, the complete collected data will be accessible at once because of accessibility on the distributed ledger. Also, specialists will not need to stress over the patients giving them a legit clinical history, because of their capacity to progressively see the correct, credible, and quality source-recorded information. It eliminates any likely clinical history mistakes. Similarly, the patients will not need to stress over having a second assessment from another specialist, because of the straightforwardness of the information. Having patient records on a blockchain organization will prompt individuals to know and associate with various others, across the globe, with similar ailments as they have, which is not only valuable for their well-being, but also make the patients feel acknowledged, upheld, and have reinforced determination to battle the ailment. Patients will have total independence regarding their information, and they will choose who to impart the information to. In this paper, we present all the challenges and critical issues associated with implementing blockchains in the healthcare sector

1er Encuentro latinoamericano y del caribe de productoras y productores experimentadores y de investigadores en agricultura orgánica, 26 al 29 de septiembre de 2006, Managua, Nicaragua. Memorias de resúmenes

Presentación En octubre del 2005 se llevó a cabo en Chapingo, México, el Tercer Encuentro Mesoamericano y del Caribe de Productores Experimentadores y de Investigadores en Producción Orgánica. Durante este evento se decidió ampliar el encuentro a todo Latinoamérica con la finalidad de compartir las experiencias con Sudamérica. Dando seguimiento a los acuerdos asumidos en México, el Comité Organizador, integrado por diversas organizaciones e instituciones comprometidas con la producción orgánica, convoca al Primer Encuentro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Productoras, Productores Experimentadores y de Investigadores en Agricultura Orgánica en Managua, Nicaragua del 26 al 29 de Septiembre del 2006. El evento tiene los objetivos de

A Survey on Classification of Photo Aesthetics Based on Emotion

Recognition of human facial expression and calculating exact emotion by computer vision is an interesting and challenging problem. Emotion in natural scenery images plays vital role in the way humans perceive an image. Based on the various emotions like happiness, sadness, fear, anger of any human being the images that are examined by that person can propose that if the person is in happy mood then he/she would C the same images in different ways but still can be possible to build a universal classification for various emotions. The paper proposes the various techniques of recognizing emotion on the basis of how humans perceive an image, also aims to classify the aesthetics of the photographic images and determine wallpaper (Scene or non-scene images) according to human emotions

Study the acceptance, compliance and efficacy of injection depot medroxy progesterone acetate as contraception: a prospective observational study

Background: India was the first country in the world to launch a family planning programme, as early as 1952, with the main aim of controlling its population. Depot medroxy progesterone acetate, or DMPA is a progestin-only method of contraception. It is a 3-monthly intramuscular injectable that delivers 150 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate in microcrystalline suspension form that delays absorption of the hormone after the injection. It provides long acting, effective and reversible contraception. In this study, we evaluated patients in reproductive age group 18-35 years who were willing to use injectable DMPA as a method of contraception to study the acceptance, compliance and efficacy of injection depot medroxyprogesterone acetate as contraception.Methods: It is a prospective observational study carried out at Government medical college Miraj on 150 patients who fulfil the inclusion criteria. The postpartum, interval and postabortal categorisation of patients done and they are councelled about the benefits and side effects and drawbacks of DMPA. Injection is given deep intramuscularly after written informed consent and a DMPA card is given to beneficiary. Follow up date explained and patients are observed for follow up and any evidence of bleeding weight gain or any other side effects of DMPA are noted.Results: The mean age of subjects was 24.48±3.494 years. 2) 3.3% of the patients were nullipara, primi para 46.7%, 36% were second para, 11.3%  were third para and  2.7% were fourth par. 3) After 1st injection, 47.3% patients were lost to follow-up i.e., they did not turn up for their second dose of injection. 4) Out of 150 patients who accepted the injection as contraception, only 79 patients turned up for their 2nd injection after 3months, out of which only 37 patients turned up for their 3rd dose of injection after 6 months and only 5 patients turned up for their 3rd injection. Thus showing that the compliance is poor among this study population. 5) At 2nd injection, 39.2% discontinued due to amenorrhea, 10.7% discontinued due to irregular bleeding, 18.5% due to weight gain and 31.6% due undergoing permanent method. 6) No patients who came for follow up reported any pregnancies during the course of injection, therefore the efficacy of injection depot medroxy-progesterone acetate, as a method of contraception is 100% in this study.Conclusions: The DMPA is a good method of long acting reversible method of contraception with good acceptance and efficacy with less compliance

Effect of Planned Early Recommended Ambulation Technique on Selected Post caesarean Biophysiological Health Parameters

Background: Caesarean section has been a part of human culture since ancient times. It has been used effectively throughout the 20th century and among the major abdominal surgeries, it is the most common, oldest worldwide surgery performed in obstetrics. Despite the life saving advantages, there are several adverse consequences of caesarean delivery for a woman and to her household. The rate and risk of these complications increases due to the increasing incidence mainly in countries like India. The role of nurse midwife is to act in the best interest of patient and newborn and make the patient independent in carrying out the activities of daily living as soon as possible. This can lead to a faster recovery and shorter hospital stay. Also it can indirectly help in reducing the complications associated with prolonged bed rest and can improve the maternal newborn bonding. Aim and Objectives: The present study was done to evaluate the effect of planned early ambulation on selected biophysiological health parameters of post caesarean patients. Material and Methods: The study included total 500 study subjects, 250 in experimental and 250 in control group. Quasi experimental approach with multiple time series design was adopted for the study. The experimental group was given an early planned recommended ambulation technique starting from the day of surgery. This consisted of deep breathing exercise, cough exercise, leg exercise and early mobilization. Over and above, the routine general health care was given by the doctors and nurses. The control group received only by routine general care by doctors and nurses and mobilization on third post operative day as per strategy adopted by the hospital. The deep breathing exercises, coughing exercises and leg exercises were not given routinely and hence were not given to the control group. Post caesarean biophysiological parameters chart was used to assess the selected parameters for first five post operative days. Result: The significant findings of the study were that there was a significant difference in the proportions of normal observations of selected biophysiological health parameters like incisional pain, condition of breast, condition of abdomen and peristaltic movements of experimental group as compared to that of control group. All these parameters improved significant during first five post caesarean days at 0.05 level of significance. Thus the alternative hypothesis was accepted and null hypothesis was rejected. From the present study it could be concluded that the early planned ambulation is an effective strategy for post operative management of caesarean patient. It can help in avoiding morbidity and can enhance the early recovery of the patient

Soret and Dufour Effect on Unsteady Free Convective MHD Heat and Mass Transfer Flow with Variable Permeability, Heat Source and Thermal Diffusion

The present paper deals with the study of unsteady two dimensional free convection with heat and mass transfer flow of an incompressible, viscous and electrically conducting fluid past a continuously moving infinite vertical plate under the influence of transverse magnetic field with variable permeability, heat source  and thermal diffusion.  The permeability of the porous medium fluctuates in time about a constant mean.  The free stream velocity of the fluid vibrates about a mean constant value and the surface absorbs the fluid with constant velocity.  Introducing the usual similarity transformations, the unsteady equations of momentum, energy and concentration are made similar.  To obtain local similarity solutions of the problem, the equations are solved analytically after applying perturbation technique. The velocity field, temperature field, concentration field and skin friction co-efficient are shown graphically to observe the effects of various parameters entering in the problem.  Finally a thorough discussion of different results are presented.