THE EFFICIENCY OF LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT USING THE FENTON’S REAGENT

In this studies the influence of the dose and ratio of chemical reagents (Fe2+ and H2O2) on the efficiency of COD removal and changes of BOD5/COD ratio in landfill leachate was analysed. The molar Fe2+/H2O2 ratio was lower than 1 and amounted to: 1:10, 1:5, 1:3, three research series with 1; 2.5 and 5 g/L Fe2+ concentration. A higher efficiency in removing BOD than COD, and therefore the decrease of BOD5/COD ratio in effluent was stated. The efficiency of COD removal from leachate was from 58.34% (Fe2+ 0.5 g/L, Fe2+/H2O2 1:5) to 8.33% (Fe2+ = 0.1 g/L, Fe2+/H2O2 = 1:10), while the efficiency of BOD removal ranged from 62 to 77%. With the molar ratio Fe2+/H2O2 equal 1:5 the BOD5/COD ratio was the largest for each of the analysed Fe2+ doses. The lowest BOD5/COD ratio was observed for the Fe2+ dose 0.1 g/L and molar ratio of reagents 1:3

The Characteristics of Organic Compounds in Landfill Leachate Biologically Treated under Different Technological Conditions

In this work, the semi-synthetic wastewater made of the leachate derived from non-hazardous municipal waste landfill in Kozodrza (south-eastern Poland) and supplemented by ammonium, was treated in hybrid SBRs to assess the removal efficiency of organic compounds, including humic substances and dissolved fractions, depending on the technological conditions. The technological layout variants concerned both the volumetric proportions of aerated and anoxic zones (0.33 and 0.66) as well as the N/C ratio (0.1 and 0.2). It was found that the efficiency of organic compounds removal (expressed as COD, BOD5 and TOC) was influenced by the geometry of oxygen supply; in the SBRs operating with 0.33 ratio, it was significantly higher compared to that with 0.75 ratio. The analysis also revealed that the N/C ratio set at 0.1 resulted in higher treatment efficiency than that obtained for 0.2. The composition of dissolved organic fractions in outflows was also related both with the SBRs geometry and the N/C ratio. It was found that proportions of TOC and humic substances were significantly lower in the SBRs operating with aeration geometry of 0.33, compared to the ones working with 0.66. Moreover, the N/C ratio of 0.1 led to a higher content of dissolved humic substances and COD in outflows

Influence of pH in AOP on Humic Compounds Removal from Municipal Landfill Leachate Concentrate after Reverse Osmosis

The choice of the optimal method of municipal waste landfill leachate treatment should take into account such factors as: the variability of their composition and quantity over time, requirements for effluent or economic capacity. Due to the variety of compounds found in landfill leachate, it is adviced to use a combination of different treatment processes. Biological methods are effective in the treatment of leachate from young landfills, but generally its efficiency declines significantly with the age of the landfill. Therefore, the preferred are physico-chemical methods, i.e. advanced oxidation, adsorption, membrane methods or a combination of mentioned. The aim of the study was the assessement of the Fenton's reagent utilization to process reverse osmosis concentrate of leachates collected from municipal non-hazardous waste landfill. The research was focused on the influence of pH on the process, and the effectiveness of organic compounds removal, increasing the biodegradability, as well as humic substances transformations were determined. Concentration of humic compounds were measured by optical density at the wavelengths: 254, 265, 280, 320, 465 and 665 nm. In the experiment, the H2O2/Fe2+ 10: 1 ratio was tested at with a dose of H2O2 equal to 3.4 g/l (0.1 M). It has been found that the pH affects the efficiency of COD removal and the increase of the biodegradability of the landfill leachate retentate, and also, the removal of humic substances and its transformation. It was found that at pH 3 the highest removal of COD occurs, with simultaneous increase in biodegradability, and decrese of absorbance caused by humic compounds

MICROBIAL REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER

Industrialization and urbanization result in increase of heavy metals released into the environment (soil, lakes, rivers, seas, oceans, groundwater). Studies on biosorption of heavy metals are aimed to specify types of microorganisms which could efficiently bind metals. This approach has a very important significance for both slowing down metals exploitation by recovery, and also reduction of environmental pollution by decrease of their excessive concentration. Recent studies have reported about the capabilities of fungi, algae, yeasts, bacteria, waste and agricultural residues or materials containing chitosan derived from crustacean shells as a biosorbents. Biohydrometallurgy could be considered as a new “green” technology of heavy metals removal from wastewater

THERMAL CONVERSION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE INTO ENERGY: PROSPECTS FOR THE SUB-CARPATHIA

Municipal waste is produced by households and commercial facilities. The quantity and composition of waste depends not only on consumption profiles and the nation’s wealth but also on efficiency of waste collection and further handling. Dumping of municipal waste is the least expensive and most commonly used method of disposing of waste. However, there is an alternative, two-in-one, solution: conversion of waste to energy. Non-recyclable waste can be turned into heat, electric power or fuel using various processes, such as gasification, pyrolysis or anaerobic fermentation. This is how residual waste can serve as sustainable local source of energy, additionally contributing to environmental protection and, to a significant extent, energy supply security

MICROBIAL REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER

Industrialization and urbanization result in increase of heavy metals released into the environment (soil, lakes, rivers, seas, oceans, groundwater). Studies on biosorption of heavy metals are aimed to specify types of microorganisms which could efficiently bind metals. This approach has a very important significance for both slowing down metals exploitation by recovery, and also reduction of environmental pollution by decrease of their excessive concentration. Recent studies have reported about the capabilities of fungi, algae, yeasts, bacteria, waste and agricultural residues or materials containing chitosan derived from crustacean shells as a biosorbents. Biohydrometallurgy could be considered as a new “green” technology of heavy metals removal from wastewater

THE EFFICIENCY OF LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT USING THE FENTON’S REAGENT

In this studies the influence of the dose and ratio of chemical reagents (Fe2+ and H2O2) on the efficiency of COD removal and changes of BOD5/COD ratio in landfill leachate was analysed. The molar Fe2+/H2O2 ratio was lower than 1 and amounted to: 1:10, 1:5, 1:3, three research series with 1; 2.5 and 5 g/L Fe2+ concentration. A higher efficiency in removing BOD than COD, and therefore the decrease of BOD5/COD ratio in effluent was stated. The efficiency of COD removal from leachate was from 58.34% (Fe2+ 0.5 g/L, Fe2+/H2O2 1:5) to 8.33% (Fe2+ = 0.1 g/L, Fe2+/H2O2 = 1:10), while the efficiency of BOD removal ranged from 62 to 77%. With the molar ratio Fe2+/H2O2 equal 1:5 the BOD5/COD ratio was the largest for each of the analysed Fe2+ doses. The lowest BOD5/COD ratio was observed for the Fe2+ dose 0.1 g/L and molar ratio of reagents 1:3

THERMAL CONVERSION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE INTO ENERGY: PROSPECTS FOR THE SUB-CARPATHIA

Municipal waste is produced by households and commercial facilities. The quantity and composition of waste depends not only on consumption profiles and the nation’s wealth but also on efficiency of waste collection and further handling. Dumping of municipal waste is the least expensive and most commonly used method of disposing of waste. However, there is an alternative, two-in-one, solution: conversion of waste to energy. Non-recyclable waste can be turned into heat, electric power or fuel using various processes, such as gasification, pyrolysis or anaerobic fermentation. This is how residual waste can serve as sustainable local source of energy, additionally contributing to environmental protection and, to a significant extent, energy supply security

Selected Factors Affecting the Amount of Municipal Waste at Different Administrative Levels in Poland

The amount of generated municipal waste depends not only on the population but also on consumption patterns and economic welfare. The aim of this paper was to present the structure of generated waste over the years in the European Union, Poland, in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, and in Rzeszow. It has been assumed that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the political action of the government, and the higher standard of living of the society are the factors influencing the increase in the amount of waste generated by households and waste segregation. The paper analyses the waste management system using the official data collected and published by Statistics Poland – the Local Data Bank (LBD) and Eurostat. The amount of municipal waste and waste collected selectively from households was probably affected to the greatest extent by local regulations. According to the data presented, a sharp increase in the amount of municipal waste, including bulk waste and bio-waste, was observed in 2013 and 2014, which may be related to the amendment in 2013 applicable in Poland of the Act on maintaining order and cleanliness in communes. Unfortunately in the Eurostat database, no accurate data on selectively collected municipal waste is available, and in LBD this data is available for different time spans depending on the administrative level. This makes it difficult to draw unequivocal conclusions on the amount of generated waste and forecast changes