80 research outputs found
Beyond Hard Samples: Robust and Effective Grammatical Error Correction with Cycle Self-Augmenting
Recent studies have revealed that grammatical error correction methods in the
sequence-to-sequence paradigm are vulnerable to adversarial attack, and simply
utilizing adversarial examples in the pre-training or post-training process can
significantly enhance the robustness of GEC models to certain types of attack
without suffering too much performance loss on clean data. In this paper, we
further conduct a thorough robustness evaluation of cutting-edge GEC methods
for four different types of adversarial attacks and propose a simple yet very
effective Cycle Self-Augmenting (CSA) method accordingly. By leveraging the
augmenting data from the GEC models themselves in the post-training process and
introducing regularization data for cycle training, our proposed method can
effectively improve the model robustness of well-trained GEC models with only a
few more training epochs as an extra cost. More concretely, further training on
the regularization data can prevent the GEC models from over-fitting on
easy-to-learn samples and thus can improve the generalization capability and
robustness towards unseen data (adversarial noise/samples). Meanwhile, the
self-augmented data can provide more high-quality pseudo pairs to improve model
performance on the original testing data. Experiments on four benchmark
datasets and seven strong models indicate that our proposed training method can
significantly enhance the robustness of four types of attacks without using
purposely built adversarial examples in training. Evaluation results on clean
data further confirm that our proposed CSA method significantly improves the
performance of four baselines and yields nearly comparable results with other
state-of-the-art models. Our code is available at
https://github.com/ZetangForward/CSA-GEC
Combined model of radiomics and clinical features for differentiating pneumonic-type mucinous adenocarcinoma from lobar pneumonia: An exploratory study
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to distinguish pneumonic-type mucinous adenocarcinoma (PTMA) from lobar pneumonia (LP) by pre-treatment CT radiological and clinical or radiological parameters.MethodsA total of 199 patients (patients diagnosed with LP = 138, patients diagnosed with PTMA = 61) were retrospectively evaluated and assigned to either the training cohort (n = 140) or the validation cohort (n = 59). Radiomics features were extracted from chest CT plain images. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to develop a radiomics model and a nomogram model, and their clinical utility was assessed. The performance of the constructed models was assessed with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC). The clinical application value of the models was comprehensively evaluated using decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsThe radiomics signature, consisting of 14 selected radiomics features, showed excellent performance in distinguishing between PTMA and LP, with an AUC of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.83–0.96) in the training cohort and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.79–0.97) in the validation cohort. A nomogram model was developed based on the radiomics signature and clinical features. It had a powerful discriminative ability, with the highest AUC values of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90–0.98) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.84–0.99) in the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively, which were significantly superior to the clinical model alone. There were no significant differences in calibration curves from Hosmer–Lemeshow tests between training and validation cohorts (p = 0.183 and p = 0.218), which indicated the good performance of the nomogram model. DCA indicated that the nomogram model exhibited better performance than the clinical model.ConclusionsThe nomogram model based on radiomics signatures of CT images and clinical risk factors could help to differentiate PTMA from LP, which can provide appropriate therapy decision support for clinicians, especially in situations where differential diagnosis is difficult
Association of Six Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Population
To investigate whether the candidate genes that confer susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus are also correlated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant Chinese women.In this study, 1764 unrelated pregnant women were recruited, of which 725 women had GDM and 1039 served as controls. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs7754840 in CDKAL1, rs391300 in SRR, rs2383208 in CDKN2A/2B, rs4402960 in IGF2BP2, rs10830963 in MTNR1B, rs4607517 in GCK) were genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. The genotype and allele distributions of each SNP between the GDM cases and controls and the combined effects of alleles for the risk of developing GDM were analyzed. We found that the rs4402960, rs2383208 and rs391300 were statistically associated with GDM (OR = 1.207, 95%CI = 1.029-1.417, p = 0.021; OR = 1.242, 95%CI = 1.077-1.432, p = 0.003; OR = 1.202, 95%CI = 1.020-1.416, P = 0.028, respectively). In addition, the effect was greater under a recessive model in rs391300 (OR = 1.820, 95%CI = 1.226-2.701, p = 0.003). Meanwhile, the joint effect of these three loci indicated an additive effect of multiple alleles on the risk of developing GDM with an OR of 1.196 per allele (p = 1.08×10(-4)). We also found that the risk alleles of rs2383208 (b = -0.085, p = 0.003), rs4402960 (b = -0.057, p = 0.046) and rs10830963 (b = -0.096, p = 0.001) were associated with HOMA-B, while rs7754840 was associated with decrease in insulin AUC during a 100 g OGTT given at the time of GDM diagnosis (b = -0.080, p = 0.007).Several risk alleles of type 2 diabetes were associated with GDM in pregnant Chinese women. The effects of these SNPs on GDM might be through the impairment of beta cell function and these risk loci contributed additively to the disease
Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Network Harmonic Control with a Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Approach
This paper designed an adaptive super-twisting sliding mode control (STSMC) scheme based on an output feedback fuzzy neural network (OFFNN) for an active power filter (APF), aiming at tracking compensation current quickly and precisely, and solving the harmonic current problem in the electrical grid. With the use of OFFNN approximator, the proposed controller has the characteristic of full regulation and high approximation accuracy, where the parameters of OFFNN can be adjusted to the optimal values adaptively, thereby increasing the versatility of the control method. Moreover, due to an added signal feedback loop, the controller can obtain more information to track the state variable faster and more correctly. Simulations studies are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller in the harmonic suppression, and verify its better steady-state and dynamic performance
Wear monitoring of diamond saw wire based on YOLOv5 and DeepSORT
In order to improve the efficiency and quality of diamond wire saw cutting and meet the demand of real-time monitoring of saw wire wear, a detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5 was proposed. The algorithm combined coordinate attention mechanism and BiFPN module on the basis of YOLOv5. The detection accuracy, recall rate and average accuracy were increased by 1.7%, 3.7% and 3.2% respectively. Abrasive particles with different wear degrees can be effectively detected. Besides, the DeepSORT multi-target tracking algorithm was connected to set up a virtual detection line, count the number of abrasive particles with different wear degrees, and monitor the wear of diamond saw wire
Changes of In Situ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Communities in the Upper Sanya River to the Sea over a Nine-Hour Period
The transition areas of riverine, estuarine, and marine environments are particularly valuable for the research of microbial ecology, biogeochemical processes, and other physical–chemical studies. Although a large number of microbial-related studies have been conducted within such systems, the vast majority of sampling have been conducted over a large span of time and distance, which may lead to separate batches of samples receiving interference from different factors, thus increasing or decreasing the variability between samples to some extent. In this study, a new in situ filtration system was used to collect membrane samples from six different sampling sites along the Sanya River, from upstream freshwater to the sea, over a nine-hour period. We used high-throughput sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes to analyze the diversity and composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities. The results showed that the structures of these communities varied according to the different sampling sites. The α-diversity of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities both decreased gradually along the downstream course. The structural composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities changed continuously with the direction of river flow; for example, the relative abundances of Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae increased with distance downstream, while Sporichthyaceae and Comamonadaceae decreased. Some prokaryotic taxa, such as Phycisphaeraceae and Chromobacteriaceae, were present nearly exclusively in pure freshwater environments, while some additional prokaryotic taxa, including the SAR86 clade, Clade I, AEGEAN-169 marine group, and Actinomarinaceae, were barely present in pure freshwater environments. The eukaryotic communities were mainly composed of the Chlorellales X, Chlamydomonadales X, Sphaeropleales X, Trebouxiophyceae XX, Annelida XX, and Heteroconchia. The prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities were split into abundant, common, and rare communities for NCM analysis, respectively, and the results showed that assembly of the rare community assembly was more impacted by stochastic processes and less restricted by species dispersal than that of abundant and common microbial communities for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Overall, this study provides a valuable reference and new perspectives on microbial ecology during the transition from freshwater rivers to estuaries and the sea
Prenatal genetic diagnosis of disseminated infantile myofibromatosis: a case report and literature review
Abstract Background Infantile myofibromatosis (IM) is a rare disorder characterized by the formation of nodules in the skin, muscle, bone, and, more rarely, visceral organs. Very few cases are detected prenatally, and the final diagnosis cannot be made until pathology is completed after birth. Here, we present a case of disseminated form IM (DFIM) with a diagnosis established on prenatal genetic grounds. Case presentation A woman at 23 weeks of gestation was referred for ultrasound evaluation of fetal kidney abnormality. Generalized masses in the skin and muscle of the fetus developed at 28 weeks. Prenatal genetic testing identified the pathogenic heterozygous variant c.1681C > T (p.R561C) of the PDGFRB gene inherited from the asymptomatic father. Intrauterine demise occurred at 31 weeks. Autopsy confirmed DFIM with involvement of the heart and kidney. All cases of prenatally detected IM were reviewed, revealing an association of high mortality with DFIM. Conclusions Prenatal IM diagnosis is difficult. Initial detection is always based on ultrasound. DFIM has high mortality. The germline p.R561C mutation in PDGFRB may cause fetal demise due to severe visceral involvement of IM. Prenatal genetic testing provides a diagnosis before pathological results are available, leading to better counseling and management of pregnancy with a fetus with IM
Low-Frequency Dynamics and Its Correlation of Nanoscale Structures in Amorphous Solids
Low-Frequency Dynamics and Its Correlation of Nanoscale Structures in Amorphous Solid
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