27 research outputs found
Multiple early gastric cancer with duodenal invasion
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A gain-of-function screen to identify genes that reduce lifespan in the adult of Drosophila melanogaster
2018~2020年度 教育研究高度化促進費 エコメディカル社会システムのための体系的健康都市評価指標に基づく健康コミュニティ創生 研究成果報告書
本研究は,生活圏レベルでの健康行動に着目し,評価指標の体系化と,まちとして人々の健康を支えられる自律的コミュニティ形成の制度設計を目的とした.健康行動に着目した分析例として,年齢に応じて減少する「特に目的なく外出」する機会を改善するためには,具体的な生活シーンでの都市機能アクセス評価のきめ細やかな段階整備が必要であることを指摘した.また,生活習慣病の例として糖尿病を取り上げ,健常者との要因比較が可能な分析手法により重要要因の抽出を行った.その上で,総合的評価のために,身体,医療,日常,精神,介護の5つの側面から体系的に構築した指標群を取り上げ,具体的に大阪に適用することで妥当性を示した.また,健康コミュニティ形成のために,合わせて運営しているリビングラボの仕組みを援用し,国内外の価値創造の手法や自律的実践プロセスの取組を,健康に関する共創に適用可能なように改良し,健康及び環境に関するテーマを自分事と捉えつつ社会へとコミュニティの関心を向けることを狙いとしたワークショップに適用した.具体的には,市民自身が可能となる問題解決を見出すコミュニティと位置づけ,大学研究者が議論の経緯を見ながら適切な情報をタイムリーに提供することで支援しつつ参加者が自ら考えを具体化していくプロセスを実現し,参加者の発言に関するテキスト分析によって妥当性を確認した.さらに,具体的な指標に基づく市民の反応を知るため,一般社会人30名を対象に3ヶ月間の活動量を計測するプログラムを実践した.期間中の平均歩数は男女それぞれ約9,000,12,000歩/日であり,目標歩数と比べて,男性は目標値どおり,女性は大幅に上回る結果を得るとともに,本プログラムの全体的な満足度として90%以上の参加者から「満足」あるいは「やや満足」の結果を得て,実践面,満足面で有用であることを確認した.【出典】・2.北詰恵一・黒田研二:エコメディカル社会における健康コミュニテクのあり方,第23回関西大学先端科学技術シンポジウム,2019.・3.1 井ノ口弘昭・秋山孝正:健康まちづくりにおける総合的健康度の評価方法に関する研究,第62回土木計画学研究発表会講演集,Vol.62,CD-ROM,2020,4p.・3.2 金ヨンキョン,尹禮分,尹敏,中山弘隆:グラフィカルラッソの糖尿病診断への適用性に関する検証,第60回土木計画学研究発表会講演集,Vol.60,CD-ROM,2019,4p.・3.3 尾崎平:スマートヘルシ倶楽部2018終了時アンケート結果,14p, 2019.・4.1 北詰恵一・道越亮介:健康まちづくりのためのリビングラボのあり方,第46回環境システム研究論文発表会,2018,4p・4.2 岡村雄介・沙海拓真・北詰恵一:リビングラボにおける初期構想段階のステークホルダー間の関係分析,令和3年度土木学会全国大会第76回年次学術講演会,WEB,2P,2021.・5.1 井ノ口弘昭・秋山孝正:健康まちづくりにおける総合的健康度の評価方法に関する研究,第60回土木計画学研究発表会講演集,Vol.62,CD-ROM,2020,4p.研究成果リスト1) 北詰恵一・黒田研二:エコメディカル社会における健康コミュニテクのあり方,第23回関西大学先端科学技術シンポジウム,2019.3) 金ヨンキョン,尹禮分,尹敏,中山弘隆: グラフィカルラッソの糖尿病診断への適用性に関する検証,第60回土木計画学研究発表会講演集,No.60,CD-ROM 4P,2019.4) 尾﨑平, 安部寛喜:健康増進型公園の利用特性と暑熱環境の関係性分析,土木学会論文集G(環境),土木学会論文集G(環境),Vol.75,No.6,pp.29-38,2019.5) 北詰恵一・江斌・市橋愛彩:健康まちづくりのための外出意向と健康関連指標の関係性分析,第60回土木計画学研究発表会講演集,Vol.60,CD-ROM,2019,3p,無.6) 北詰恵一:外出に対する意向と健康自己評価との関係性分析,令和元年度土木学会第74回年次学術講演会,CD-ROM,2019,Ⅳ-15(2p),無.7) 北詰恵一:エコメディカル社会構築のための健康まちづくり,第24回関西大学先端科学技術シンポジウム,2020.8) 岡村雄介・北詰恵一:リビングラボにおける価値創造のためのツールの効果分析,土木学会関西支部年次学術講演会講演概要集,WEB,2P,2020.9) 秋山孝正: 健康まちづくりプロジェクトに対する市民意識からみた健康都市形成に関する考察,都市計画学会関西支部だより,No.34.pp.10-11,2020.10) 秋山孝正・井ノ口弘昭:感染症予防の新しい生活様式に着目した健康まちづくりに関する考察,第62回土木計画学研究発表会講演集,Vol.62,CD-ROM,2020,5p,無.11) 井ノ口弘昭・秋山孝正:健康まちづくりにおける総合的健康度の評価方法に関する研究,第62回土木計画学研究発表会講演集,Vol.62,CD-ROM,2020,4p,無.12) 尾崎平・櫻井順平・北詰恵一:日常生活行動と暑熱環境の関係性分析,第62回土木計画学研究発表会講演集,Vol.62,CD-ROM,2020,6p,無.13) 岡村雄介・北詰恵一:健康まちづくり政策を推進するためのリビングラボの方法論に関する研究,第62回土木計画学研究発表会講演集,Vol.62,CD-ROM,2020,5p,無.14) 北詰恵一・市橋愛彩・田中萌子:自治体における健康をテーマとしてSDGs現状分析,第25回関西大学先端科学技術シンポジウム,ポスター,2021.01.28,29,関西大学.概要1. はじめに……22. エコメディカル社会における健康コミュニティのあり方……33. 健康都市指標開発……6 3.1 総合的健康度の評価方法……6 3.2 手法検討の取組み(グラフィカルラッソの糖尿病診断への適用性)……10 3.3 活動量指標の見える化……154. 健康コミュニティ創生の取組み……19 4.1 健康まちづくりのためのリビングラボ……19 4.2 ステークホルダー間関係分析……235. 健康都市指標にもとづく健康コミュニティのモデル……27 5.1 システム思考型モデルを用いた健康まちづくりの展開過程……276. まとめ……36研究成果リス
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 requiring oxygen therapy, invasive mechanical ventilation, and death in Japan: A multicenter case-control study (MOTIVATE study).
INTRODUCTION: Since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant became dominant, assessing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe disease using hospitalization as an outcome became more challenging due to incidental infections via admission screening and variable admission criteria, resulting in a wide range of estimates. To address this, the World Health Organization (WHO) guidance recommends the use of outcomes that are more specific to severe pneumonia such as oxygen use and mechanical ventilation. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in 24 hospitals in Japan for the Delta-dominant period (August-November 2021; "Delta") and early Omicron (BA.1/BA.2)-dominant period (January-June 2022; "Omicron"). Detailed chart review/interviews were conducted in January-May 2023. VE was measured using various outcomes including disease requiring oxygen therapy, disease requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), death, outcome restricting to "true" severe COVID-19 (where oxygen requirement is due to COVID-19 rather than another condition(s)), and progression from oxygen use to IMV or death among COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: The analysis included 2125 individuals with respiratory failure (1608 cases [75.7%]; 99.2% of vaccinees received mRNA vaccines). During Delta, 2 doses provided high protection for up to 6 months (oxygen requirement: 95.2% [95% CI:88.7-98.0%] [restricted to "true" severe COVID-19: 95.5% {89.3-98.1%}]; IMV: 99.6% [97.3-99.9%]; fatal: 98.6% [92.3-99.7%]). During Omicron, 3 doses provided high protection for up to 6 months (oxygen requirement: 85.5% [68.8-93.3%] ["true" severe COVID-19: 88.1% {73.6-94.7%}]; IMV: 97.9% [85.9-99.7%]; fatal: 99.6% [95.2-99.97]). There was a trend towards higher VE for more severe and specific outcomes. CONCLUSION: Multiple outcomes pointed towards high protection of 2 doses during Delta and 3 doses during Omicron. These results demonstrate the importance of using severe and specific outcomes to accurately measure VE against severe COVID-19, as recommended in WHO guidance in settings of intense transmission as seen during Omicron
Development of a Wearable Robot for Assisting Carpentry Workers
The work of fitting ceiling boards is one of the hardest in carpentry, as it requires large muscular power. Hence there is a need to develop assisting apparatus for such work. In order to use this apparatus anywhere a wearable robot is the most suitable. As the robot must be autonomous and lightweight, a design requiring low power is proposed. A semi-active control method has been developed using springs, which requires low energy but satisfies the requirements of compliance and assistive force. In this paper several aspects of design, control and experiments of the developed prototype is explained. The experimental results prove that the robot reduces the muscular fatigue of carpentry worker by providing suitable assistive force
Identification of a New Pathway for Th1 Cell Development Induced by Cooperative Stimulation with IL-4 and TGF-β
Carbon dioxide uptake in a eutrophic stratified reservoir: Freshwater carbon sequestration potential
Carbon capture and storage due to photosynthesis activities has been proposed as a carbon sink to mitigate climate change. To enhance such mitigation, previous studies have shown that freshwater lakes should be included in the carbon sink, since they may capture as much carbon as coastal areas. In eutrophic freshwater lakes, there is uncertainty about whether the equilibrium equation can estimate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), owing to the presence of photosynthesis due to phytoplankton, and pH measurement error in freshwater fluid. Thus, this study investigated the applicability of the equilibrium equation and revealed the need to modify it. The modified equilibrium equation was successfully applied to reproduce pCO2 based on total alkalinity and pH through field observations. In addition, pCO2 at the water surface was lower than the atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to photosynthesis by phytoplankton during strong stratification. The stratification effect on low pCO2 was verified by using the Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) model, and a submerged freshwater plants such as Potamogeton malaianus were found to have high potential for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) sequestration in a freshwater lake. These results should provide a starting point toward more sophisticated methods to investigate the effect of freshwater carbon on DIC uptake in freshwater stratified eutrophic lakes
Electrical Double Layer Formation at Intercalation Cathode–Organic Electrolyte Interfaces During Initial Lithium‐Ion Battery Reactions
Abstract Information on the cathode/organic–electrolyte interface structure provides clues regarding the rate and reversibility of lithium intercalation reactions in lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, structural changes within the LiCoO2 electrode, throughout the interphase region, and in the LiPF6/propylene carbonate electrolyte are observed concurrently by in situ neutron reflectometry. The formation of an electrical double layer (EDL) during the early stages of charging and discharging is investigated and compared with that at an intercalation‐inactive Nb:SrTiO3 electrode. At the intercalation‐inactive interface between Nb:SrTiO3 and the electrolyte, a voltage‐dependent ionic distribution corresponding to the EDL forms on the electrolyte side without the formation of a cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer. In contrast, at the intercalation‐active LiCoO2/electrolyte interface, a CEI layer forms immediately after cell construction, and the ionic distribution in the electrolyte formed outside the CEI layer scarcely changes upon voltage application. The CEI/electrolyte interface is shielded from potential changes by the electronically insulating CEI; therefore, structural changes in the EDL are restricted. This supports the prevailing understanding that the CEI layer defines the rates of solvation/de‐solvation and adsorption/desorption reactions of lithium ions