Gaseous emissions and toxic hazards associated with plastics in fire situations: A literature review

The hazards of plastics in fire situations, the gases emitted, the factors influencing the nature of these emissions, the characteristics of toxic gases, and the results of laboratory studies, are discussed. The literature pertaining to the pyrolysis and oxidation of plastics was reviewed. An effort was made to define the state of the art for determining the toxic gases emitted by plastics under fire conditions. Recommendations are made and research needs defined as a result of this review

Pro-and-anti Immigration Activities in Iowa\u27s 4th Congressional Districts: A Community Capitals Framework Perspective

The foreign-born immigrant population in Iowa is increasing. Across Iowa’s 4th Congressional District, communities that have never had statistically significant populations of non-Anglos have in recent decades experienced dramatic influxes of predominantly Latino immigrants. Today, Latinos comprise upwards of 25 percent of the population of some counties and well over 35 percent of the population of many towns. At the same time, many other communities in Iowa’s 4th Congressional District remain almost exclusively white. How are communities responding? This research centers on the statements and activities of individual and group actors representing various market, state, and civil society sectors, examining which community resources are mobilized by what groups and the extent to which their actions are motivated by social capital or ideology. The Community Capitals Framework provides the analytic context with which one-on-one interviews and secondary data sources are analyzed to explore pro-and-anti immigration networks and activities and the extent to which these groups mobilize community capitals to create welcoming or unwelcoming communities. Understanding these networks, actions and motivations is critical in informing sustainable and appropriate community development efforts in this district as well as other regions in the United States with similar historically dominant Anglo populations recently experiencing increases in immigrant populations

Letting go

Change perspectives and methods to make mathematics instruction more problem based

La théâtralisation du prophète dans les tragédies françaises de la Renaissance

Cet article analyse la figure du prophète dans les tragédies françaises de la Renaissance entre 1550 et 1585 environ. À l’instar des figures de Cassandre et de Jérémie, le personnage du prophète trouve dans le genre tragique un environnement favorable où il peut exprimer les aspects douloureux de sa fonction sur le mode pathétique. Mais on observe que sa position est fragile, car il est victime de plusieurs stratégies visant à l’évacuer. Que ce soit la concurrence d’autres personnages qui s’arrogent certaines de ses prérogatives ou l’auteur qui lui fait jouer des rôles annexes, le prophète voit sa place constamment menacée. Robert Garnier, dans Les juives, va jusqu’à annoncer la fin de toutes les prophéties. Il semblerait que ce soit le seul élément qui définisse de façon constante le prophète : l’annonce de sa propre fin.This article examines the figure of the prophet in French Renaissance tragedies from 1500 to 1585. Such prophets as Cassandra and Jeremy, the most prominent figures, find a hospitable environment in the tragic genre where they can express the most painful aspects of their mission. However, we see that the role of the prophet in these tragedies can be exceedingly fragile, vulnerable to menacing strategies. At times other characters in the play assume the prophet’s role or the prophet himself abandons it to assume another. In Robert Garnier’s Les juives, the author even heralds the end of prophecies, leaving the speculation that the only permanent element defining the prophet is to foretell his own demise

Comment sortir du cauchemar? Le discours de l’histoire dans les tragédies des guerres de religion

Cet article analyse la tragédie de la Renaissance (Des Masures, Rivaudeau, La Taille, Garnier, Matthieu) et ses rapports avec la notion d’histoire. Si l’histoire garantit la vérité du discours tragique, elle est aussi un principe d’incertitude que la tragédie tente de dissiper. La tragédie de la Renaissance, plus pathétique que didactique ou dramatique, ne parvient que très imparfaitement à donner sens à l’histoire contemporaine, mais elle réussit à enregistrer le sentiment d’emballement qui accompagne la perception de l’histoire. Pour intégrer un discours sur l’histoire passée autant que présente, la tragédie, protestante en particulier, doit sacrifier l’orthodoxie générique.This article addresses the notion of history in the French Renaissance tragedies (Des Masures, Rivaudeau, La Taille, Gamier, Matthieu). History traditionally guaranties the truthfulness of the tragic discourse. However, during the time of religious wars, History becomes subject to uncertainty and anxiety. French Renaissance tragedies can be characterized as pathetic rather than didactic or dramatic. Tragic plays are largely unable to decide of the meaning of History, they are only able to register the dominant feeling about historic events. In the tragedies written by Protestant authors in particular, History challenges the Aristotelian criteria, both stylistically and dramatically, since historical facts are more important than the laws of the genre