Physiological selectivity of insecticides from different chemical groups and cuticle thickness of Protonectarina sylveirae (Saussure) and Brachygastra lecheguana (Latreille)

O uso de inseticidas mais tóxicos para uma praga do que a saúde natural pode favorecer o salvamento desses organismos benéficos. Este estudo teve como objetivos fisiológicos distanciadores de inseticidas de separações científicas para Vespidae Protonectarina sylveirae (Saussure, 1854) e Brachygastra lecheguana. (Latterille, 1824) e espessura de cutícula para avaliação da tolerância entre os 2 anos estes mesmos inseticidas. Como imersas foram folhas de milho (10 x 10 cm) em solução inseticida em dose (100%), subdose (50%) e água destilada (controle) por 5 segundos. Nós podemos ler as folhas e depois embalamos em placas de Petri.Como 20 vespas, por placa, receberam 10% de mel e as placas foram fechadas com tecido de organza fino e elastificadas. Após 24 horas, avaliamos uma porcentagem de vespas mortas. O inseticida alfa-cipermetrina foi altamente tóxico para P. sylveirae e B. lecheguana em dose (100%) e subdose (50%). Os inseticidas Novaluron, chlorantraniliprole, spinosad e indoxacarb foram pouco tóxicos para P. sylveirae e B. lecheguana. dose (100%) e subdose (50%). A alta toxicidade dos inseticidas metomil + novalurom, clorantraniliprole + lambda-cialotrina e deltametrina a P. sylveirae corresponde à menor espessura da cutícula.Portanto, os inseticidas novalurom, clorantraniliprole, spinosad e indoxacarb da selectividade fisiológica para P. sylveirae e B. lecheguana .

DOES SULPHUR EXPEL THE COFFEE BERRY BORER FROM Coffea arabica L. FRUITS?

Technicians and insecticide retailers recommend adding sulfur to the insecticide mixture to expel coffee borer females (Hypothenemus hampei ) from the fruit. The objective in this study was to verify if sulfur expels the coffee borer from the fruit and what the cost associated with the use of sulfur in the insecticide mixture is. Perforated fruits were collected from coffee crops (Red Catuaí, IAC 144) during the granulation phase for the experiments and divided into two lots. The first lot was used to verify the effectiveness of sulfur to expel the borer, and the second to evaluate the effect of temperature x sulfur source x expelling effect on the borer. Sources of sulfur tested were: SK30 and Kumulus DF. The first experiment was the treatments: sulfur sources (two + control without sulfur), two plastic containers (open and closed), five repetitions (factorial: 3 x 2). The second were the treatments: sulfur sources, plastic containers and under two temperatures, factorial 3x2x2. The number of adult females that left the fruits within 24 and 48 h was evaluated. There was no difference in the number of females that abandoned the fruits between treatments with sulfur and control (P> 0.05). It was concluded that sulfur does not expel H. hampei from C. arabica fruits