MAS NMR Study of the Metastable Solid Solutions Found in the LiFePO4/FePO4 System

Li and 3IP NMR experiments were conducted on a series of single- or two-phase samples in the LiFePCvFePCM system with different overall lithium contents, and containing the two end-members and/or two metastable solid solution hases, Lio.6FeP04 or Lio.34FeP04. These experiments were carried out at different temperatures in order to search for vacancy/charge ordering and ion/electron mobility in the metastable phases. Evidence for Li+-Fe2+ interactions was bserved for both Lio.6FeP04 and Lio.34FePC>4. The strength of this interaction leads to the formation of LiFePCvlike clusters in the latter, as shown by the room temperature data. Different motional processes are proposed to exist as the temperature is increased and various scenarios are discussed. While concerted lithium-electron hopping and/or correlations explains the data below 125C, evidence for some uncorrelated motion is found at higher temperatures, together with the onset of phase mixing

Utilizing Dynamic Phosphorous-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Early Detection of Acute Compartment Syndrome: A Pilot Study on Rats

Introduction: Disasters, including terrorism and earthquakes, are significant threats to people and may lead to many people requiring rescue. The longer the rescue takes, the higher the chances of an individual contracting acute compartment syndrome (ACS). ACS is fatal if diagnosed too late, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential. Objective: To assess the ability of dynamic phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in the early detection of muscular damage in ACS. Materials and Methods: Six ACS model rats were used for serial 31P-MRS scanning (9.4 Tesla). Skeletal muscle metabolism, represented by the levels of phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), was assessed. The PCr/(Pi + PCr) ratio, which decreases with ischemia, was compared with simultaneously sampled plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK), a muscle damage marker. Results: The PCr/(Pi + PCr) ratio significantly decreased after inducing ischemia (from 0.86 ± 0.10 to 0.18 ± 0.06; p < 0.05), while CPK did not change significantly (from 89 ± 29.46 to 241.50 ± 113.28; p > 0.05). The intracellular and arterial pH index decreased over time, revealing significant differences at 120 min post-ischemia (from 7.09 ± 0.01 to 6.43 ± 0.13, and from 7.47 ± 0.03 to 7.39 ± 0.04, respectively). In the reperfusion state, the spectra and pH did not return to the original values. Conclusions: The dynamic 31P-MRS technique can rapidly detect changes in muscle bioenergetics. This technique is a promising non-invasive method for determining early muscular damage in ACS

<Poster Session>Construction of advanced biologging systems for high rates of data-recovery -a challenging study to clarify the dynamics of fish populations and communities-

19–22 May 2022 Kyoto, JapanThe monitoring of marine top predators, primarily fish species, provides important insights into marine ecosystems. Recently, biologging techniques involving electronic data-storage tags and acoustic transmitters have been increasingly used to understand migratory fish movements and behaviours. The number of tags, however, is normally limited due to costs, and the tag recovery rate is still low. In this study, therefore, to reveal the population and community dynamics of fishes in open waters, we will develop a new variety of small, low-cost, large-data-capacity and multifunctional tags, and implement the high recovery rate of the data. This study consists of the following four development: (1) two types of archival tags (small-sized tags and customizable-multifunctional tags), (2) the energy harvesting system installed in the tag, (3) the data receiving system onboard multi-platforms, and (4) the inter-individual communication system based on hydro-acoustic methods. Lastly, combining them, we will develop a new biologging system and test the practical utility of this system using wild herrings and bonitos in open waters off Japan. The new technology will overcome the bottleneck of conventional biologging techniques, and will lead to a breakthrough in marine ecosystem studies

Radiologic findings in interstitial pulmonary emphysema

Nine patients with pneumomediastinum ranging in age from 0 to 72 years were reviewed. X-ray CT ("Review" or high resolution CT) showed interstitial pulmonary emphysema (IPE) in perivascular and peribronchial space in 2 of the patients. IPE has been widely recognized as a cause of pneumomediastinum. Plain chest radiography did not demonstrate IPE because of the superimposition of pneumomediatinum, subctaneous emphysema, and lucency of the lung. Nevertheless, X-ray CT was useful for the diagnosis of patients in the intensive care unit. Recognition of IPE is important because it may directly impair pulmonary ventilation and may be followed by the development of pneumomediastinum or secondary infection