The maximal tubes under the deformations of a class of 3-dimensional hyperbolic cone-manifolds

Recently, Hodgson and Kerckhoff found a small bound on Dehn surgered 3-manifolds from hyperbolic knots not admitting hyperbolic structures using deformations of hyperbolic cone-manifolds. They asked whether the area normalized meridian length squared of maximal tubular neighborhoods of the singular locus of the cone-manifold is decreasing and that summed with the cone angle squared is increasing as we deform the cone-angles. We confirm this near 0 cone-angles for an infinite family of hyperbolic cone-manifolds obtained by Dehn surgeries along the Whitehead link complements. The basic method is based on explicit holonomy computations using the A-polynomials and finding the maximal tubes. One of the key tool is the Taylor expression of a geometric component of the zero set of the A-polynomial in terms of the cone-angles. We also show a sequence of Taylor expressions for Dehn surgered manifolds converges to one for the limit hyperbolic manifold.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figure

Porous silicon nanoparticles for cancer photothermotherapy

The in vitro cell tests and in vivo animal tests were performed to investigate the feasibility of the photothermal therapy based on porous silicon (PSi) in combination with near-infrared (NIR) laser. According to the Annexin V- fluorescein isothiocyanate Apoptosis assay test results, the untreated cells and the cells exposed to NIR laser without PSi treatment had a cell viability of 95.6 and 91.3%, respectively. Likewise, the cells treated with PSi but not with NIR irradiation also had a cell viability of 74.4%. Combination of these two techniques, however, showed a cell viability of 6.7%. Also, the cell deaths were mostly due to necrosis but partly due to late apoptosis. The in vivo animal test results showed that the Murine colon carcinoma (CT-26) tumors were completely resorbed without nearly giving damage to surrounding healthy tissue within 5 days of PSi and NIR laser treatment. Tumors have not recurred at all in the PSi/NIR treatment groups thereafter. Both the in vitro cell test and in vivo animal test results suggest that thermotherapy based on PSi in combination with NIR laser irradiation is an efficient technique to selectively destroy cancer cells without damaging the surrounding healthy cells

Position Effects of Menu Item Displays in Consumer Choices: Comparisons of Horizontal Versus Vertical Displays

Consumers typically make choices based on a menu that lists a variety of food items. Prior research has shown that the position of food items within a menu (center vs. edge) can impact choices (e.g., edge preference and edge aversion). This research extends the literature by demonstrating that the display format of a menu (horizontal vs. vertical displays) can determine the relative impact of these influences. Two experiments find that the middle options are preferred when food options are displayed horizontally (vs. vertically), whereas the edge items are preferred under a vertical display (vs. a horizontal display). These differences extend to different types of foods (food vs. beverage), and to even and odd numbers of options (e.g., four vs. five). These findings increase the understanding of how food item displays can influence consumer choices, and provide important implications for practitioners and policymakers, including how to effectively position food items

The impact of communication information on the perceived threat of COVID-19 and stockpiling intention

This article investigates the role of diverse nudging communication strategies on perceived threat and stockpiling intention. Across three studies, the authors examined the various effects of “nudging” on consumer behavior. Study 1 demonstrates that a commonly used picture has a stronger impact on perceived threat than a less frequently exposed picture regardless of its accuracy. Study 2 shows that the perceived threat of COVID-19, in terms of severe health consequences, is lower when using an indirect (vs. direct) explanation of the virus, as well as when reducing the amount of information about the virus. Study 3 investigates the impact of salient negative information and childhood socioeconomic status (SES). Findings reveal that negative information about deaths associated with the virus increases the level of perceived threat and stockpiling intention, especially among people of low childhood SES

Hybrid TDOA and AOA Localization using Weighted Least Square via RSS

In this paper, we propose an estimation technique based on hybrid time differential-of-arrival (TDOA) and angle-of-arrival (AOA) that allows the application of weighted least squares (WLS). The accuracy of localization is a very significant problem since the measurement data can be affected by environmental noise

RDOA based Emitter Localization using Constrained Least Square Algorithm under NLOS Environment

In this paper, we apply Kalman filter and constrained least square (CLS) algorithm for compensating these noises. With the proposed two algorithms, we can confirm high accuracy for localization. A simulation demonstrates the performance of our proposed algorithm. 

The impact of infectious disease threat on consumers\u27 pattern-seeking in sequential choices

The pandemic outbreak poses one of the most influential threats. When faced with such a threat, consumers engage in adaptive behaviors, and one way to do so may pertain to pattern-seeking in their choices. Across five studies, we show that consumers exhibit patterns in sequential choice under the threat of COVID-19. Specifically, consumers high (vs. low) in the perceived threat increase sequential patterns in repeated choice regardless of whether the levels of the perceived threat are measured or manipulated. The effect emerges even when a patterned choice option is objectively inferior to a nonpatterned option. The underlying mechanism of the effect is that consumers experience a lower sense of control, which motivates them to seek patterned choices to regain control threatened by the infectious disease. We further show that the effect on patterned choice is stronger for consumers with lower childhood socioeconomic status (SES), who are characterized by a lower sense of control, than their higher childhood SES counterparts. Noting that infectious disease threats are unavoidable, we offer theoretical contributions as well as novel insights into marketing practices under unpredictable and threatening situations

Rudder gap cavitation: Fundamental understanding and its suppression devices

With the increasing size and speed of cargo ships, which results in high speed flow in propeller slipstream, cavitation is frequently observed on and around the rudder system. Among the various types of cavitation on the rudder system, the rudder gap cavitation is the most difficult one to control and suppress. For the development of rudder gap cavitation suppression devices, both experimental and numerical analyses of the physical phenomenon are warranted. In the present study, experiments of the incipient cavitation and pressure measurement were carried out for typical cargo ship rudder sections with and without the suppression devices, which were suggested by the author. The experiments were simulated using computational fluid dynamics tools and the results were compared in terms of the cavitation inception and surface pressure distribution. Fundamental understanding of the rudder gap cavitation inception was obtained along with its relevance to the surface pressure distribution. It is confirmed that the gap flow blocking devices effectively suppress the rudder gap cavitation and, at the same time, augment lift.World Class University Project (R32-2008-000-10161-0, MEST) New & Renewable Energy R&D Program (2009302170010, MKE) funded by the Korea government Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (R0A-2007-000-10028-0)

Porous silicon nanoparticles for cancer photothermotherapy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>The <it>in vitro </it>cell tests and <it>in vivo </it>animal tests were performed to investigate the feasibility of the photothermal therapy based on porous silicon (PSi) in combination with near-infrared (NIR) laser. According to the Annexin V- fluorescein isothiocyanate Apoptosis assay test results, the untreated cells and the cells exposed to NIR laser without PSi treatment had a cell viability of 95.6 and 91.3%, respectively. Likewise, the cells treated with PSi but not with NIR irradiation also had a cell viability of 74.4%. Combination of these two techniques, however, showed a cell viability of 6.7%. Also, the cell deaths were mostly due to necrosis but partly due to late apoptosis. The <it>in vivo </it>animal test results showed that the Murine colon carcinoma (CT-26) tumors were completely resorbed without nearly giving damage to surrounding healthy tissue within 5 days of PSi and NIR laser treatment. Tumors have not recurred at all in the PSi/NIR treatment groups thereafter. Both the <it>in vitro </it>cell test and <it>in vivo </it>animal test results suggest that thermotherapy based on PSi in combination with NIR laser irradiation is an efficient technique to selectively destroy cancer cells without damaging the surrounding healthy cells.</p