41 research outputs found

    Tudor Domain Containing Protein TDRD12 Expresses at the Acrosome of Spermatids in Mouse Testis

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    Tdrd12 is one of tudor domain containing (Tdrd) family members. However, the expression pattern of Tdrd12 has not been well studied. To compare the expression levels of Tdrd12 in various tissues, real time-polymerase chain reaction was performed using total RNAs from liver, small intestine, heart, brain, kidney, lung, spleen, stomach, uterus, ovary, and testis. Tdrd12 mRNA was highly expressed in testis. Antibody against mouse TDRD12 were generated using amino acid residues SQRPNEKPLRLTEKKDC of TDRD12 to investigate TDRD12 localization in testis. Immunostaining assay shows that TDRD12 is mainly localized at the spermatid in the seminiferous tubules of adult testes. During postnatal development, TDRD12 is differentially expressed. TDRD12 was detected in early spermatocytes at 2 weeks and TDRD12 was localized at acrosome of the round spermatids. TDRD12 expression was not co-localized with TDRD1 which is an important component of piRNA pathway in germ cells. Our results indicate that TDRD12 may play an important role in spermatids and function as a regulator of spermatogenesis in dependent of TDRD1

    Endoscopic ACL reconstruction with one tunnel technique

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    Offset-Canceling Current-Sampling Sense Amplifier for Resistive Nonvolatile Memory in 65 nm CMOS

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    ์น˜์กฐ ํŒŒ์—ด ํ™˜์ž์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด์ฐจ์„ฑ ๊ณจ์ด์‹์ˆ  ํ›„์˜ ์น˜์กฐ์ • ๋†’์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ์˜ˆ๋น„์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ๋ชฉ์  : ์น˜์กฐํŒŒ์—ด ํ™˜์ž์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด์ฐจ ์น˜์กฐ๊ณจ ์ด์‹์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ํ•™์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ „ ๊ณจ๊ฒฐ์†๋ถ€ ์ธ์ ‘์น˜์•„์˜ ์น˜์กฐ์ • ๋†’์ด์™€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ›„ ๊ณจ๊ฒฐ์†๋ถ€ ์ธ์ ‘์น˜์•„์˜ ์น˜์กฐ์ • ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทผ์‹ฌ์ธก๊ณผ ์›์‹ฌ์ธก์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์น˜์กฐ์ •์˜ ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์™€ ์น˜์กฐ๊ณจ ์ด์‹์ˆ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์ด ์น˜์กฐ์—ด์˜ ๋„ˆ๋น„์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• : 1991๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1999๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋ณ‘์› ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์•…์•ˆ๋ฉด์™ธ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ž๊ฐ€์žฅ๊ณจ ์ฑ„์ทจ ํ›„ ๋ถ„์‡„ํ”ผ์งˆ๋ง์‚ฌ๊ณจ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” block ํ”ผ์งˆ๋ง์ƒ๊ณจ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ํŽธ์ธก์„ฑ ์น˜์กฐ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 6๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•œ ํ™˜์ž 56๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋‘ ์ˆ ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹œ์ˆ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ „ ๊ณจ๊ฒฐ์†๋ถ€ ์ธ์ ‘์น˜์•„์˜ ์น˜์กฐ์ •์˜ ๋†’์ด์™€ ์น˜์กฐ์—ด์˜ ๋„ˆ๋น„ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ›„ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ๊ณจ์˜ ๋†’์ด์™€ ์ ˆํ”์˜ ์–‘์€ ์น˜๊ณผ์šฉ ํŒŒ๋…ธ๋ผ๋งˆ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์น˜์กฐ์—ด์˜ ๋„ˆ๋น„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ณจ๊ฒฐ์†๋ถ€ ๊ทผ์‹ฌ์น˜์•„์˜ ๊ทผ์›์‹ฌ ํญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์‹ํ•œ ๊ณจ์˜ ๋†’์ด์™€ ์ ˆํ”์˜ ์–‘์„ 1995๋…„ Long์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ ์ „์˜ ์ธก์ •์น˜์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ : ์น˜์กฐ์—ด์˜ ๋„ˆ๋น„๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  6.9mm(1.9mm-12.1mm) ์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทผ์‹ฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์น˜์•„๋Š” ๊ณจ์ด์‹ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ค‘์ ˆ์น˜๊ฐ€ 52๊ฐœ(92.9%), ์ธก์ ˆ์น˜๊ฐ€ 4๊ฐœ(7.1%)์˜€๊ณ , 49๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์™„์ „๋งน์ถœ์„, 6๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งน์ถœ(์ธก์ ˆ์น˜ 2๊ฐœ, ์ค‘์ ˆ์น˜ 4๊ฐœ)์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์›์‹ฌ์ธก์—์„œ์˜ ์น˜์•„๋Š” ๊ณจ์ด์‹ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ธก์ ˆ์น˜๊ฐ€ 25๊ฐœ(44.6%), ๊ฒฌ์น˜๊ฐ€ 29๊ฐœ(51.8%), ์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜๊ฐ€ 2๊ฐœ(3.6%)์˜€๊ณ , ์™„์ „ ๋งน์ถœ์ด 32.1%, ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋งน์ถœ์ด 57.2%, ๋ฏธ๋งน์ถœ์ด 10.7%๋กœ์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋งน์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ณจ์ด์‹ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 67.9%์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ž์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ bony bridge๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ ˆํ”์ด ์ธ์ ‘์น˜ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์—ฐ์žฅ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์น˜์กฐ๊ณจ ์ด์‹์ˆ  ํ›„ oronasal fistula๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ช…๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์€ 100%์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ ํ›„ ๊ทผ์‹ฌ์ธก์—์„œ์˜ ์น˜์กฐ์ •์˜ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ทผ์‹ฌ์ธก ์น˜์•„ ์น˜๊ทผ๊ธธ์ด์˜ 79%(ํ‰๊ท ), ์›์‹ฌ์ธก์—์„œ์˜ ์น˜์กฐ์ •์˜ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์›์‹ฌ์ธก ์น˜์•„ ์น˜๊ทผ๊ธธ์ด์˜ 87%(ํ‰๊ท )๋กœ์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ์ด์ฐจ ์น˜์กฐ๊ณจ ์ด์‹์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„ ์น˜์กฐ์ •์˜ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ณจ๊ฒฐ์†๋ถ€ ๊ทผ์‹ฌ์ธก๊ณผ ์›์‹ฌ์ธก์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทผ์‹ฌ์ธก์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์›์‹ฌ์ธก์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜์กฐ์—ด์˜ ๋„ˆ๋น„์™€ ์ ˆํ”์˜ ์–‘, ์น˜์กฐ์ •์˜ ๋†’์ด ๋ฐ ์น˜์กฐ๊ณจ์ด์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ๊ณผ๋Š” ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 1999๋…„๋„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋ณ‘์› ์ž„์ƒ ๊ณต๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ๋ณด์กฐ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Œ

    Manganese and Graphene Included Titanium Dioxide Composite Nanowires: Fabrication, Characterization and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities

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    We report the detailed microstructural, morphological, optical and photocatalytic studies of graphene (G) and manganese (Mn) co-doped titanium dioxide nanowires (TiO2(G–Mn) NWs) prepared through facile combined electrospinning–hydrothermal processes. The as-prepared samples were thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). XRD studies reveal the formation of mixed anatase-rutile phases or rutile phase depending on the dopant (Mn) precursor concentrations in the electrospinning dope and calcination temperature. The evaluation of lattice parameters revealed that the incorporation of Mn species and carbon atoms in to the lattice of anatase or rutile TiO2 could occur through substituting the sites of oxygen atoms. XPS results confirm the existence of Mn2+/Mn3+ within the TiO2 NW. Raman spectroscopy provides the evidence for structural modification because of the graphene inclusion in TiO2 NW. The optical band gap of G–Mn including TiO2 is much lower than pristine TiO2 as confirmed through UV-vis DRS. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by nitric oxide (NOx) degradation tests under visible light irradiation. Superior catalytic activity was witnessed for rutile G–Mn-co-doped TiO2 NW over their anatase counterparts. The enhanced photocatalytic property was discussed based on the synergistic effects of doped G and Mn atoms and explained by plausible mechanisms
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