The global catalogue of microorganisms 10K type strain sequencing project: closing the genomic gaps for the validly published prokaryotic and fungi species

Genomic information is essential for taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional studies to comprehensively decipher the characteristics of microorganisms, to explore microbiomes through metagenomics, and to answer fundamental questions of nature and human life. However, large gaps remain in the available genomic sequencing information published for bacterial and archaeal species, and the gaps are even larger for fungal type strains. The Global Catalogue of Microorganisms (GCM) leads an internationally coordinated effort to sequence type strains and close gaps in the genomic maps of microbes. Hence, the GCM aims to promote research by deep-mining genomic data.This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XDA19050301), the Bureau of International Cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grants 153211KYSB20160029 and 153211KYSB20150010), the National Key Research Program of China (grants 2017YFC1201202, 2016YFC1201303, and 2016YFC0901702), the 13th Five-year Informatization Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XXH13506), and the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (grant 31701157).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CT Analysis of a Potential Safe Zone for Placing External Fixator Pins in the Humerus

Background Iatrogenic radial nerve injures are a common complication during the placement of external fixator pins at the lateral aspect of the humeral shaft. This study uses a three-dimensional measurement technique to locate a safe entry point for humeral pins when externally fixating the elbow. Methods: We fixed a guide wire to the radial nerve by a suture string, and used computed tomography (CT) to scan the upper limbs of cadaver specimens. Then, we measured the deviation angles of the radial nerve on the CT scans, and the distance from the radial nerve to the “elbow rotation center” (ERC). Result: The average distance from the radial nerve to the ERC was 87.3 ± 8.5 mm (range: 68–100 mm), 58.3 ± 11.3 mm (range: 32.12–82.84 mm), 106.3 ± 5.8 mm (range: 86.93–115.08 mm), and 113.9 ± 4.8 mm (range: 97.93–120.22 mm) at radial nerve deviation angles of 0°, –30°, 30°, and 45°, respectively. The average radial nerve deviation angle was –37.7° ± 7.7° and 123.9° ± 19.9° at 50 and 150 mm, respectively. Relative to 0°, the distance between the radial nerve and the ERC at radial nerve deviation angles of –30°, 30°, and 45° showed a significant difference (t = 18.20, p < 0.05; Z = 6.07, p < 0.001; Z = 6.40, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Pins inserted into the proximal humerus should be about 150 mm from the ERC with a radial nerve deviation angle of 30° anteriorly, and 50 mm from the ERC with a deviation angle of 30°–45° posteriorly

Selective Production of Diethyl Maleate via Oxidative Cleavage of Lignin Aromatic Unit

Green production of bulk chemicals traditionally obtained from fossil resources is of great importance. One potential route toward realizing this goal is through the utilization of renewable lignin; however, current techniques generally lead to low product specificity because of the structural diversity of this recalcitrant biopolymer. Herein, we devised a new catalytic system to promote selectively oxidative lignin in air, and diethyl maleate was formed at impressively high yield of 404.8 mg g(-1) and selectivity of 72.7% over the polyoxometalate ionic liquid of [BSmim]CuPW12O40. This high catalytic activity is ascribed to a five-coordinated Cu+ species, which, through the formation of end-on dioxygen species in vacant orbitals, facilitates the selective oxidation of basic lignin aromatic units (phenylpropane C-9 units). Therefore, these results represent significant progress toward the realization of an industrially applicable and highly selective lignin oxidation process for the generation of value-added and bulk chemicals

Phylogenomic analysis unravels evolution of yellow fever virus within hosts.

The yellow fever virus (YFV) recently reemerged in the large outbreaks in Africa and Brazil, and the first imported patients into Asia have recalled the concerns of YFV evolution. Here we show phylogenomics of YFV with serial clinical samples of the 2016 YFV infections. Phylogenetics exhibited that the 2016 strains were close to Angola 1971 strains and only three amino acid changes presented new to other lineages. Deep sequencing of viral genomes discovered 101 intrahost single nucleotide variations (iSNVs) and 234 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Analysis of iSNV distribution and mutated allele frequency revealed that the coding regions were under purifying selection. Comparison of the evolutionary rates estimated by iSNV and SNP showed that the intrahost rate was ~2.25 times higher than the epidemic rate, and both rates were higher than the long-term YFV substitution rate, as expected. In addition, the result also hinted that short viremia duration of YFV might further hinder the evolution of YFV