The American Flag in Kim’s Spirit Shrine

departmental bulletin pape

Effects of Acupuncture on Alzheimer’s Disease in Animal-Based Research

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and severe functional deficits in the brain. The pathogenesis and treatment of AD remain topics of investigation and significant global socioeconomic issues. The effect of complementary medicine has been investigated in managing AD. Acupuncture, a form of therapy practiced for more than 3000 years, has shown positive effects on several neurological disorders including AD. Animal studies have evaluated the specific utility and neuropathological mechanisms addressed by acupoint manipulation; however, no study has summarized the relationships among different acupoints and their therapeutic effects in the context of AD. Therefore, we reviewed the effects of acupuncture at different acupoints in animal models of AD. In general, acupuncture produced therapeutic benefits in rodent models of AD. Studies demonstrate the utility of GV20 as a valuable acupoint for electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture. GV20 stimulation suppresses Aβ generation, improves glucose metabolism, and attenuates neuropathological features in various disease models. However, a lack of sufficient evidence in preclinical and clinical studies makes these results controversial. Additional studies are required to confirm the exact utility of specific acupoints in clinically managing AD

Coderivations of Ranked Bigroupoids

The notion of (co)derivations of ranked bigroupoids is discussed by Alshehri et al. (in press), and their generalized version is studied by Jun et al. (under review press). In particular, Jun et al. (under review press) studied coderivations of ranked bigroupoids. In this paper, the generalization of coderivations of ranked bigroupoids is discussed. The notion of generalized coderivations in ranked bigroupoids is introduced, and new generalized coderivations of ranked bigroupoids are obtained by combining a generalized self-coderivation with a rankomorphism. From the notion of (X,∗,&)-derivation, the existence of a rankomorphism of ranked bigroupoids is established