A Discovery of a Peculiar Pulsar in the Small Magellanic Cloud

We report on a peculiar X-ray binary pulsar IKT1 = RXJ0047.3-7312 observed with XMM-Newton in Oct. 2000. The X-ray spectrum is described by a two-component spectrum. The hard component has a broken power-law with respective photon indices of 0.2 and 1.8, below and above the break energy at 5.8 keV. The soft component can be modeled by a blackbody of kT = 0.6 keV. The X-ray flux shows a gradual decrease and periodic variations of about 4000 s. The averaged flux in 0.7-10.0 keV is 2.9x10^-12 ergs/cm^2/s, which is ~10 times brighter than that in a ROSAT observation in Nov. 1999. In addition to the 4000-s variation, we found coherent pulsations of 263 +/- 1 s. These discoveries strengthen the Be/X-ray binary scenario proposed by the ROSAT and ASCA observations on this source, and confirm that most of the hard sources in the Small Magellanic Cloud are X-ray binary pulsars. A peculiar property of this XBP is that the coherent pulsations are found only in the soft component, and the folded light curve shows a flat top shape with a sharp dip. We discuss the nature of this XBP focusing on the peculiar soft component.Comment: 5 pages, 5figures, Accepted for publication in PAS

Continuously differentiable means

The Eurozone crisis and the refugee crisis are showcases of the problems associated with the EU's shift from market integration to the integration of core state powers. The integration of core state powers responds to similar demand factors as market integration (interdependence, externalities and spillover) but its supply is more tightly constrained by a high propensity for zero‐sum conflict, a functional requirement for centralized fiscal, coercive and administrative capacities, and high political salience. We show how these constraints structured the initial design of Economic and Monetary Union and of Schengen, made them vulnerable to crisis, and shaped policy options during the crises: they made horizontal differentiation unattractive, re‐regulation ineffective, centralized risk and burden‐sharing unfeasible, and the externalization of adjustment burdens to non‐EU actors necessary by default. In conclusion, we explore possible escape routes from the trap

A FLOW VISUALEATION OF UNDULATORY UNDERWATER SWIMMING -A PILOT STUDY OF THREE DEIMENTIONAL AMALYSIS

The purpose of this study was to visualize the flow characteristic behind a swimmer during undulatory underwater swimming (UUS). A male college swimmer performed dolphin kicks in a water flume channel (flow velocity was set at 0.8 m+sl). By using the stereo PIV system, we captured the flow vector field in cross-sectional areas behind the swimmer and the swimmer's motions with a synchronized motion capture system. The vector fields were averaged for each kicking phase, and for spatial cross-sectional plane. This enabled visualization oft he three dimensional flow field in UUS. The results showed that the swimmer created a counter vortex pair around the feet before the downward kid, and this appeared to assist the generation of thrust during the down kick motion