The effects of distance to the forest edge on avian communities at Ficus pertusa (Moraceae)

This study investigated the differences in bird diversity among 12 fruiting Ficus pertusa (Moraceae) trees at various distances from the forest edge in the Monteverde, Costa Rica region. Each of the 12 sites was observed for six nonconsecutive hours over a four-week study period. Bird diversity, abundance, evenness and similarity were calculated for each tree. A significant positive correlation was found between distance from the forest edge and bird diversity at the study sites (R² = 0.630; ANOVA f-value = 17.036; p-value = 0.0021). Crop size was also found to have a significant relationship with diversity (R² = 0.776; ANOVA f-value = 15.630; p-value of distance = 0.0004; p-value of crop size = 0.0382). However, no correlation was found between diversity and diameter at breast height or diversity and crown size. High species turnover among trees was also observed. One species of bird, Turdus grayi (Clay-colored Robin), showed the greatest dominance. Se investigó las diferencias en la diversidad de aves entre 12 árboles de Ficus pertusa (Moraceae) en fruto, a diferentes distancias del borde del bosque en la región de Monteverde, Costa Rica. Cada uno de los árboles fueron observados por seis horas no consecutivas sobre un periodo de cuatro semanas. La diversidad de aves, abundancia, regularidad y similitud fueron calculadas para cada árbol. Una regresión significativa positiva se encontró entre la distancia del borde del bosque y la diversidad de aves en los árboles (R² = 0.630; ANOVA f-value = 17.036; p-value = 0.0021). Se encontró también una correlación entre el número de frutos en los árboles y la diversidad (R² = 0.776; ANOVA f-value = 15.630; p-value of distance = 0.0004; p-value of crop size = 0.0382). Sin embargo, no se encontró una correlación entre la diversidad y el diámetro del tronco del árbol o la diversidad y el tamaño de la copa del árbol. La rotación de las especies de aves entre árboles fue muy alta. Una especie de ave, Turdus grayi (Jiguirro), demostró ser la más común de todas.https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/tropical_ecology/1237/thumbnail.jp

The effects of distance to the forest edge on avian communities at Ficus pertusa (Moraceae)

This study investigated the differences in bird diversity among 12 fruiting Ficus pertusa (Moraceae) trees at various distances from the forest edge in the Monteverde, Costa Rica region. Each of the 12 sites was observed for six nonconsecutive hours over a four-week study period. Bird diversity, abundance, evenness and similarity were calculated for each tree. A significant positive correlation was found between distance from the forest edge and bird diversity at the study sites (R² = 0.630; ANOVA f-value = 17.036; p-value = 0.0021). Crop size was also found to have a significant relationship with diversity (R² = 0.776; ANOVA f-value = 15.630; p-value of distance = 0.0004; p-value of crop size = 0.0382). However, no correlation was found between diversity and diameter at breast height or diversity and crown size. High species turnover among trees was also observed. One species of bird, Turdus grayi (Clay-colored Robin), showed the greatest dominance. Se investigó las diferencias en la diversidad de aves entre 12 árboles de Ficus pertusa (Moraceae) en fruto, a diferentes distancias del borde del bosque en la región de Monteverde, Costa Rica. Cada uno de los árboles fueron observados por seis horas no consecutivas sobre un periodo de cuatro semanas. La diversidad de aves, abundancia, regularidad y similitud fueron calculadas para cada árbol. Una regresión significativa positiva se encontró entre la distancia del borde del bosque y la diversidad de aves en los árboles (R² = 0.630; ANOVA f-value = 17.036; p-value = 0.0021). Se encontró también una correlación entre el número de frutos en los árboles y la diversidad (R² = 0.776; ANOVA f-value = 15.630; p-value of distance = 0.0004; p-value of crop size = 0.0382). Sin embargo, no se encontró una correlación entre la diversidad y el diámetro del tronco del árbol o la diversidad y el tamaño de la copa del árbol. La rotación de las especies de aves entre árboles fue muy alta. Una especie de ave, Turdus grayi (Jiguirro), demostró ser la más común de todas.https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/tropical_ecology/1237/thumbnail.jp

Assessing Watershed-Wildfire Risks on National Forest System Lands in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States

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Application of Wildfire Risk Assessment Results to Wildfire Response Planning in the Southern Sierra Nevada, California, USA

How wildfires are managed is a key determinant of long-term socioecological resiliency and the ability to live with fire. Safe and effective response to fire requires effective pre-fire planning, which is the main focus of this paper. We review general principles of effective federal fire management planning in the U.S., and introduce a framework for incident response planning consistent with these principles. We contextualize this framework in relation to a wildland fire management continuum based on federal fire management policy in the U.S. The framework leverages recent advancements in spatial wildfire risk assessment—notably the joint concepts of in situ risk and source risk—and integrates assessment results with additional geospatial information to develop and map strategic response zones. We operationalize this framework in a geographic information system (GIS) environment based on landscape attributes relevant to fire operations, and define Potential wildland fire Operational Delineations (PODs) as the spatial unit of analysis for strategic response. Using results from a recent risk assessment performed on several National Forests in the Southern Sierra Nevada area of California, USA, we illustrate how POD-level summaries of risk metrics can reduce uncertainty surrounding potential losses and benefits given large fire occurrence, and lend themselves naturally to design of fire and fuel management strategies. To conclude we identify gaps, limitations, and uncertainties, and prioritize future work to support safe and effective incident response