Enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria - anammox

Bactérias anaeróbias oxidadoras de amônia (bactérias Anammox, do inglês anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria) foram enriquecidas em reator em batelada sequencial (RBS), a partir de lodo proveniente de um sistema convencional de lodos ativados tratando esgoto doméstico de Belo Horizonte (MG). Após três meses de cultivo, atividade Anammox foi detectada no sistema pelo consumo de quantidades estequiométricas de NO2- e NH4+. Análises de hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH, do inglês fluorescent in situ hybridization) confirmaram a presença de bactérias Anammox, provavelmente Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans, e revelaram que estas representavam 53% do total de células (após 6 meses de cultivo). O desempenho do reator ao longo dos sete meses de operação demonstrou remoção quase que total de nitrito, baseada em concentração afluente de 61 a 95 mg N-NO2-/L. A eficiência máxima de remoção de amônia alcançada foi de 95%, a partir de concentração afluente de 55 a 82 mg N-NH4+/L.Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (Anammox) bacteria were enriched from sludge collected at a conventional activated sludge system treating domestic wastewater of Belo Horizonte(MG), Brazil, employing a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). After three months of cultivation, Anammox activity was detected in the system by the consumption of stoichiometric amounts of NO2- and NH4+. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) results revealed the presence of Anammox bacteria (probably Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans) and showed that they accounted for 53% of the total bacterial population (after 6 months of cultivation). The reactor performance during the seven months of operation showed a near perfect removal of nitrite, based on the influent NO2--N concentration of 61-95 mg/L. The maximum ammonia removal efficiency was 95% from the influent N-NH4+ concentration of 55-82 mg/L.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)(FAPEMIG) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas GeraisFine

Nitrogen removal based on anammox-based processes applied to mature landfill leachate diluted with domestic wastewater: a review

The anammox process is considered a sustainable, low-cost, and promising alternative for the treatment of effluents with high concentrations of nitrogen (N) and low concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Mature landfill leachates are rich in nitrogen and a potential source of water and soil contamination, potentially causing eutrophication of surface water bodies. In developing countries, leachates have been treated together with municipal effluents in WWTP. However, there are few reports on nitrogen removal in these systems. This review evaluated studies using anammox-based processes, including partial nitrification and anammox (PN/A), focusing on mature leachates and their co-treatment with municipal wastewater. We aimed to identify anammox-based treatment strategies leading to high N and COD removal efficiencies. For PN/A, sequential batch reactors have been successfully used to treat different effluents such as leachates. Recirculation and leachate dilution in anammox-based processes were strategies successfully adopted to achieve high nitrogen removal. Temperatures above 30°C and pH values from 7.8–8.5 had positive effects on the performance of co-treatment processes. The best performances in the co-treatment processes using PN/A were achieved for dilution rates between 2 and 11.5 parts of municipal wastewater to 1 part of mature leachate, reaching N and COD removal efficiencies above 90% and 86%, respectively. Inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, acclimatization of anammox bacteria for long periods, as well as extracellular polymeric substances production by anammox bacteria are important factors in the performance of PN/A systems for the co-treatment of mature leachate and domestic wastewater.</p

A novel highly reactive Fab antibody for breast cancer tissue diagnostics and staging also discriminates a subset of good prognostic triple-negative breast cancers

AbstractThe discovery of novel markers for breast cancer (BC) has been recently relied on antibody combinatorial libraries and selection through phage display. We constructed a recombinant Fab library, and after selections against BC tissues, the FabC4 clone was thoroughly investigated by immunohistochemistry in 232 patients with long-term follow-up. The FabC4 ligand was determined by mass spectrometry. The FabC4 expression was associated with younger age, lack of progesterone receptor, higher histological grades and non-luminal subtypes, and it also identified a subset of good prognostic triple-negative BCs, possibly targeting a conformational epitope of Cytokeratin-10 (CK10). This new CK10-epitope specific antibody may open new possibilities in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies