A rare case of giant cavernous splenic haemangioma

Introduction: Tumors of spleen are generally rare disorders. The most common primary splenic neoplasm is haemangioma, although very rare. Giant, cavernous splenic haemangioma is extremely rare, less than 100 cases have been reported in the literature. Case report: We present a case of giant haemangioma in a 65 years-old patient. Radiological diagnostic methods were not conclusive. Magnetic resonance imaging showed en expansive, heterogenous lesion with signs of necrosis and haemorrhage in the central part. Those characteristics raised suspicion in malignant neoplasm, especially haemangiosarcoma and metastatic neoplasm. The surgical team performed total splenectomy, with special attention to possible bleeding as a severe complication. Pathohistological finding was undoubted. There were certain signs of benign, cavernous splenic haemangioma with areas of coagulative necrosis. Conclusion: We need to be aware of such rare entity. MRI is the most reliable diagnostic method, but the pathohistological analysis is definitive. Surgery is a treatment of choice

A case report of appendiceal adenoma - a rare entity

Appendiceal neoplasms are quite uncommon. They are detected in fewer than 0.5 percent of appendectomies and less than 0.5 percent of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. Similar to a colonic adenoma, an appendiceal adenoma is neoplasm with precancerous nature. A rare case of appendiceal adenoma is presented here in a 65-year-old female patient, incidentally discovered at the orifice of the appendix, during the screening analysis. The patient felt well. Abdominal examination and laboratory analysis were regular. Due to the inaccessibility of the lesion by colonoscopy, surgical treatment was recommended. A laparoscopic appendectomy was performed. On pathological examination, diagnosis of tubulovillous adenoma was performed. Endoscopic screening analysis of precancerous appendiceal neoplasm is very important. The method of choice for any appendiceal neoplasm is surgical removal i.e. appendectomy, preferably with a clean caecal margin, which requires stapling of the cecum. Early detection can prevent complications and decrease the risk of consequential appendiceal or colorectal carcinoma

Locally aggressive giant basal cell carcinoma of the head with focus on surgical treatment - a case report

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common non melanoma skin cancer. It accounts for approximately 80% of all skin cancers. Case report: We presented a 62-year-old patient with a giant, deeply infiltrative, destructive lesion of the head which lasted for 15 years. Microbiological analysis showed contamination, computed tomography (CT) scan showed deep infiltration and bone destruction. The risks of operative treatment were numerous. The treatment was more complicated by infection, infiltrative spreading and the patient\u27s comorbidity. Regardless, we decided on a wide surgical resection with pathohistological evaluation of the resection margins. The patient denied oncological treatment. After 10 years, there were no recurrent tumours. Conclusion: Aggressive surgical treatment is the treatment of choice for giant basal cell carcinoma. In the case of giant locally aggressive and advanced neoplasms, when surgery is not appropriate or not possible, medical treatment becomes oncological

Correlation of Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Pain with Anxiety, and Importance of its Prevention in Surgery of Impacted Third Molars Under Local Anesthesia

Aim: To examine whether there is a correlation between blood pressure, heart rate, and pain with the level of preoperative and postoperative anxiety in surgery of impacted third molars under local anesthesia. Subjects and Methods: In the study, which included adult patients of both sexes with an indication for surgical extraction of impacted third molars, research parameters were measured as follows: 1st measurement (day of examination) - blood pressure, heart rate, preoperative anxiety with Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); 2nd measurement (immediately before the intervention) - blood pressure, heart rate, preoperative anxiety with STAI; 3rd measurement (day after intervention) - blood pressure, heart rate, postoperative anxiety with STAI, postoperative pain with visual analog scale. Results: The values of preoperative and postoperative anxiety and the measured parameters of blood pressure, heart rate, and postoperative pain were statistically significantly positively correlated with each other during all measurements. Conclusion: In order to increase the satisfaction of both the patient and the ordinarius, and to prevent possible complications in this type of oral surgical intervention, it would be useful to consider adequate therapy in order to prevent the development of anxiety, considering the confirmed correlation with the measured parameters

Infrequent case of cavum septi pellucidi empyema and principles of neurosurgical management: case report and literature review

Aim: To present a very rare case of empyema cavuma septi pellucidi. Case report: A 5-year-old male child was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases Cantonal Hospital Zenica because of fever (38.30C), headache and vomiting. The patient developed intracranial hypertension as a result of a compressive purulent collection formed due to meningitis between the lamine of the septum pelucidum with consequent intracranial hypertension. Conclusion: The decision regarding the modality of treatment was not easy. We considered that empyema evacuation using the transcallosalinterhemispheric approach allows the complete removal of purulent collection and the placement of drainage, which allows additional emptying of the empyema cavity and prevents empyema recurrence. Empyema evacuation with drainage and antibiotic therapy have shown beneficial results

Correlation of Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Pain with Anxiety, and Importance of its Prevention in Surgery of Impacted Third Molars Under Local Anesthesia

Aim: To examine whether there is a correlation between blood pressure, heart rate, and pain with the level of preoperative and postoperative anxiety in surgery of impacted third molars under local anesthesia. Subjects and Methods: In the study, which included adult patients of both sexes with an indication for surgical extraction of impacted third molars, research parameters were measured as follows: 1st measurement (day of examination) - blood pressure, heart rate, preoperative anxiety with Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); 2nd measurement (immediately before the intervention) - blood pressure, heart rate, preoperative anxiety with STAI; 3rd measurement (day after intervention) - blood pressure, heart rate, postoperative anxiety with STAI, postoperative pain with visual analog scale. Results: The values of preoperative and postoperative anxiety and the measured parameters of blood pressure, heart rate, and postoperative pain were statistically significantly positively correlated with each other during all measurements. Conclusion: In order to increase the satisfaction of both the patient and the ordinarius, and to prevent possible complications in this type of oral surgical intervention, it would be useful to consider adequate therapy in order to prevent the development of anxiety, considering the confirmed correlation with the measured parameters

Epidemiološke i patohistološke karakteristike neoplazmi testisa u Zeničko-dobojskom kantonu, Bosna i Hercegovina: trogodišnja monocentrična studija

Aim: The primary aim of the study was to determine the incidence of testicular neoplasms in the Zenica-Doboj Canton (ZDC) region for the period from 2019 to 2021. Also, the study aimed to examine the age structure of the affected population, the frequency of testicular neoplasms in all the ZDC cities and municipalities, and the pathohistological characteristics of neoplasms. Material and methods: The study was conducted at the Oncology and Radiotherapy Department of the Zenica Cantonal Hospital. The study period refers to the time interval from January 2019 to December 2021. The study included 37 patients with a verified diagnosis of testicular neoplasm. Results: Arithmetic mean of patients’ age was 33.49 years, while the standard deviation was 12.59. Most respondents, accounting for 40.5%, were aged 26-35 years. The incidence of testicular neoplasms in the ZDC region was 4.2/100,000 persons in 2019, 3.08/100,000 persons in 2020, and 3.10/100,000 persons in 2021. Most diagnosed neoplasms (48.6%) were the myxoid type germ cell originating tumors. Conclusion: The incidence of testicular neoplasms in the ZDC was 4.2/100,000 persons in 2019, 3.08/100,000 persons in 2020, and 3.10/100,000 persons in 2021.Cilj: Osnovni cilj istraživanja je utvrditi incidenciju neoplazmi testisa na području Zeničko-dobojskog kantona za razdoblje od 2019. do 2021. godine. Također, cilj je bio ispitati dobnu strukturu oboljele populacije, učestalost neoplazme testisa u svim gradovima Zeničko-dobojskog kantona, te patohistološke karakteristike neoplazmi. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno na Odjelu za onkologiju i radioterapiju Kantonalne bolnice Zenica. Razdoblje pregleda odnosi se na vremenski interval od liječnja 2019. do prosinca 2021. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 37 ispitanika s verificiranom dijagnozom neoplazme testisa. Rezultati: Aritmetička sredina bolesničkih godina bila je 33,49, a standardna devijacija 12,59. Najveći broj ispitanika pripada dobnoj kategoriji od 26-35 godina, u postotku od 40,5%. Učestalost novotvorina testisa na području Zeničko-dobojskog kantona za 2019. godinu iznosila je 4,2/100.000 stanovnika, za 2020. godinu 3,08/100.000 stanovnika, a za 2021. godinu 3,10/100.000 stanovnika. Većina dijagnosticiranih novotvorina bila je miksoidnog tipa, podrijetlom iz spolnih stanica (48,6%). Zaključak: Učestalost novotvorina testisa na području Zeničko-dobojskog kantona u 2019. godini iznosila je 4,2/100.000 stanovnika, u 2020. godini 3,08/100.000 stanovnika, a u 2021. godini 3,10/100.000 stanovnika

Molecular Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Systematic Overview of Global Trends and Findings

This systematic review assesses current molecular targeted therapies for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a challenging condition with limited treatment options. Using PRISMA methodology, 166 eligible studies, involving 2526 patients (61.49% male, 38.51% female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.59/1), were analyzed. In laboratory studies, 52.52% primarily used human glioblastoma cell cultures (HCC), and 43.17% employed animal samples (mainly mice). Clinical participants ranged from 18 to 100 years, with 60.2% using combined therapies and 39.8% monotherapies. Mechanistic categories included Protein Kinase Phosphorylation (41.6%), Cell Cycle-Related Mechanisms (18.1%), Microenvironmental Targets (19.9%), Immunological Targets (4.2%), and Other Mechanisms (16.3%). Key molecular targets included Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) (10.8%), Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) (7.2%), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) (6.6%), and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MEK) (5.4%). This review provides a comprehensive assessment of molecular therapies for GBM, highlighting their varied efficacy in clinical and laboratory settings, ultimately impacting overall and progression-free survival in GBM management