Sustainable Design Process and Factors Considered for Product Service System

"Sustainability" is apparently reflected in corporate management and product development. Technology development and industrial revolution not only provide human beings luxury living quality but also causes global environmental problems and natural resources crisis on earth. Therefore, quite a few environmental protection policies in the world have been made. "Reduce, reuse and recycle" definitely becomes a new life trend. Under this circumstance, Product Service System (PSS) is a new way to satisfy the customers' needs by means of a complete process in products and services. It can make resource usage become a closed loop, thus reducing total product quantity and enhancing resource usage sufficiency. PSS has a characteristic of lower environmental impacts. Therefore, the author incorporates the concept of PSS into sustainable design strategy. This study first utilizes Analytic Network Process (ANP) to analyze both service categories from PSS and ranking priority of life cycle structure to be the foundation of sustainable design. Secondly, this study adopts Modified Delphi?MD?method to inspect the sustainable design factors considered for the application of PSS on case study. Furthermore, the author develops evaluation guidance and check list to make sure the target achievement of product sustainable design. Finally, this research accomplishes an applied process of PSS's sustainable design. By employing PSS on sustainable design, the study improves the impact of product life cycle on environmental quality. As a result, this study provides the PSS's design factors considered of sustainable products for corporations, and supplies a continuous service to create an operation mechanism with higher profit and lower risk as well

The Construction of Neoliberal Subjectivity of “Hard Work”

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 사회과학대학 사회학과, 2021.8. 추지현.K-Pop, a music genre originally developed in Korea, was a culture long considered inauthentic by many cultural critics and scholars. Recently, the K-Pop community faced the need to grow a sense of authenticity of the culture as a response to the potential threats of assimilation from an outside culture which was characterized by the join of Foreigner K-Pop. Against the backdrop of the neoliberal environment in the industry that was marked by globalization, commercialization of idols’ everyday life, and the increasing importance of fandom in the making of K-Pop idols, this research argued that the (in)authentication process of Foreigner K-Pop was a collaborative work between fans, idols, industrial sectors, and K-Pop professionals. Focusing on the English-speaking K-Pop fans, this thesis adopted online ethnographic research and text analysis, studied seven K-Pop groups with non-Asian performers, and demonstrated how elements of Korea and elements that were cited as Korean were maneuvered in the construction of (in)authenticity of Foreigner K-Pop. This thesis concluded that the recurrent theme of perseverance, genuineness, dedication, and hardworking in the discourse about authenticity, often cited through the necessitated process of trainee system, served to satisfy the cultural need of international fans, whose taste and identity remained peripheral in most Western countries, for a discourse akin to neoliberalism that advocates equal opportunity and indiscriminate competition, while allowing K-Pop culture to maintain a tight community and esoteric taste.케이팝은 원래 한국에서 발전한 음악 장르로, 오랫동안 많은 문화 평론가들과 학자들에 의해 비현실적인 문화로 여겨졌다. 최근 케이팝 커뮤니티는 외국인 케이팝의 참여가 특징인 외부 문화로부터의 동화의 잠재적 위협에 대한 대응으로 문화에 대한 진정성을 키울 필요가 있다는 문제에 직면했다. 세계화, 아이돌의 일상화, 케이팝 아이돌 제작에 팬덤의 중요성이 높아진 산업계의 신자유주의적 환경을 배경으로, 이 연구는 외국인 케이팝의 진정성 구축 과정이 팬, 아이돌, 산업계 간의 협업 작업이라고 주장했다. 이 논문은 영어권 케이팝 팬들을 중심으로 온라인 민족학 연구와 텍스트 분석을 채택하고, 비아시아 공연자들 7개의 K-Pop 그룹을 중심으로 연구하였으며, 외국인 K-Pop의 진정성 구축에 있어 한국 요소와 한국으로 인용된 요소들이 어떻게 운용되고 있는지를 보여주었다. 본 논문은 진정성 담론에서 인내, 진실, 봉헌, 성실과 노력이라는 반복적인 담론이 대부분의 서구 국가에서 지엽적인 취향과 정체성을 유지한 국제 팬들의 문화적 욕망를 충족시키는 역할을 했다고 결론지었다. 이 담론은 케이팝 문화가 촘촘한 공동체적이고 소수의 취향을 유지할 수 있도록 허용하면서 동등한 기회와 무차별 경쟁을 주장하는 신자유주의와 연결된다.Chapter 1. Introduction １ 1. Research Background and Research Question １ 2. Literature Review: Previous Research on K-Pop (What is K-Pop?) ８ 1) K-Pop as Re-invented Korea ９ 2) K-Pop as Culture of Hybridity １２ 3) K-Pop as K-Pop Fandom Culture １４ 3. Theoretical Framework １７ 1) Authenticity as Authentication in Postmodern Culture １７ 2) K-Pop Idol, K-Pop fandom, and Neoliberalism in K-Pop ２０ 4. Subject of Research and Methods ２５ 1) Who is Foreigner K-Pop? (Subject of Study) ２５ 2) Materials and Collection Process ２７ 3) Cases of Selected Foreigner K-Pop ３３ 4) Method of Analysis ４１ Chapter 2: Authenticity Claims and The Importance of Identifying Real K-Pop ４６ 1. Authenticity Claims ４６ 2. Identifying Real K-Pop ４９ 3. Koreaboo Stigma ５０ 4. Summary and Remarks ５３ Chapter 3: Displaying K-Pop Fan Identity: From Real K-Pop Fan to Real K-Pop Idol ５４ 1. Rejecting Koreaboo Stigma ５４ 2. Genuineness, Fan Identity, and Comradeship ５５ 3. Comprehensive, Thoughtful, and Cultured: From Real Fans to Real K-Pop Idols ５７ 4. Summary and Remarks ６０ Chapter 4: Disrupting Boundaries of K ６２ 1. (Re)Defining K-Pop ６２ 2. Proponents: Pride, Diversity, and Representation ６４ 3. Opponents: Equality, Opportunities, and Respect ６６ 4. Summary and Remarks ６８ Chapter 5: Fans’ Critic as Neoliberal Governmentality ７０ 1. Korean Proficiency ７１ 2. The Right K-Pop Style ７２ 3. Trained for Better Quality ７４ 4. Summary and Remarks ７７ Chapter 6. Conclusion ７９ Bibliography ８４ Appendix ８９ Acknowledgment ９２ 국문초록 ９３석

A study of ink trapping comparing gravimetric and densitometric methods of measurement

In 1958, Preucil suggested an equation to calculate ink trap based on measurements of a printed sheet with a densitometer. Preucil\u27s equation was based on the additivity rule and the proportional rule. However, these rules do not hold in all cases. Several alternative equations have been suggested. This study intends to examine the effectiveness of three ink trap equations using densitometry by means of comparing the calculated values to those measured by the gravimetric method. An attempt is also made to estimate the value of maximum printable density, Dm, in Hamilton\u27s equation. The theoretical basis of each equation is briefly introduced. The causes attributing to the failure of additivity and proportionality are discussed as well. Also reviewed are several methods for measuring ink trap, such as colorimetric, spectrophotometric, and magnetic methods, and factors involved in the efficiency of ink trapping. In the experiment, two newsprint and one coated paper were printed with cyan, magenta, and yellow ink in a simulated wet-on-wet condition on the IGT printability tester. Each ink had a specific tack. The second-down inks were transferred on the first ink layers with low, medium, and high thickness. The percent ink trapping on printed strips were then calculated by both the densitometric methods and the gravimetric method. The factors causing poor trapping and back-trap in the experiment are discussed. Preucil\u27s equation was found to correspond better with gravimetric trap values than Brunner\u27s equation. However, both under estimated ink trap in the majority of the tested conditions. As the ink trap measured gravimetrically increased, the discrepancy of ink trap calculated by Preucil\u27s equation increased. This applied to Brunner\u27s equation as well, but not obviously to Hamilton\u27s equation. Hamilton\u27s equation proved to reduce the differences between gravimetric ink trap and densitometric ink trap significantly. A Dm value of 1.59 for newsprint A, 1.99 for newsprint B, and 2.5 for coated paper resulted in the greatest accuracy over the conditions tested. When the Dm value approaches infinity, Hamilton\u27s equation becomes the equivalent of Preucil\u27s equation. The experiment suggests that a range of Dm values between 1.5 and 2.5 was suitable for the tested conditions. For future research, a larger selection of various types of papers and inks are needed to specify a Dm value for general conditions. It might also be useful to specify a theoretical maximum printable density for general conditions, with which the maximum printable density of a given paper can be compared. Thus, the reproduction quality of the paper can be predicted before the printing is conducted. Since the effects of back-trap and ink contamination influence the accuracy of Hamilton\u27s equation in this experiment, studies for compensating this inaccuracy are suggested

Learning Chinese characters: a comparative study of the learning strategies of western students and Eastern Asian students in Taiwan

2012 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.Vocabulary acquisition is central to learning Chinese as second or foreign language. Little research has been conducted on vocabulary learning strategies in this area. Even less study has been conducted whether students from different native language background would apply vocabulary learning strategies differently. The present study was designed to address this gap. The major concern of this study was to explore whether students from Western alphabetic countries and students from Eastern Asian countries would apply different vocabulary learning strategies in Chinese vocabulary acquisition. All the participants are international students who currently reside in Taiwan and attending the same American School located in Taipei, Taiwan. Learning Chinese is mandatory in the school. An on line survey instrument was used to collect data from the students. Descriptive statistics were used. An independent samples t-test was used to assess whether students of different native language background showed significant differences in the application of vocabulary learning strategies. No significant difference was found, however, suggestions regarding curricula design in learning Chinese vocabularies were made based on the tentative findings of this study

Fabrication of single walled carbon nanotube (SW-CNT) cantilevers for chemical sensing

With the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), many applications have been implemented based on their unique electronic, mechanical, chemical and optoelectronic properties. One area of applications is in gas sensors for detecting, oxygen, flammable and toxic gases. In our work, the focus is on the fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT) cantilever sensors for integration with CMOS readout chip which offer increased sensitivity. The higher surface-to-bulk ratio enhances the property and performance of the gas sensor by nanocantilevers. In this work, we present the detection method based on the change in capacitance of the single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) cantilever. Carbon nanotubes are capable of interacting with the gaseous species either directly or indirectly by using a polymer analyte coated on its surface. The capacitance variation technique of measuring cantilever deflection was used to measure the bending rate. The capacitance between the cantilever and the fixed electrode varies as a function of the magnitude of the bending of the cantilever which is in turn proportional to the concentration of the gas species in the surrounding environment. To measure the variation in the capacitance value, the CNT cantilever beam is considered as one of the electrodes of the capacitor and the metal film as the other. The air between the plates acts as the dielectric material. Simulations including both ANSYS for nanocantilevers and SPICE for CMOS readout chip and experimental results are presented in this research. Integration and packaging issues are also discussed in our research

Enhance ZDDP tribofilm growth and fatigue lifetime of rolling bearings by Laser Surface Texturing

Laser surface texturing (LST) is a fast and precise surface engineering method capable of improving the frictional performances of machine elements, thus contributing to an increase in energy efficiency. However, not many studies have carried out research of LST in the boundary lubrication regime, likely due to concerns of higher contact stresses that can occur with the increasing surface roughness. This study aims to improve the fatigue lifetime of rolling bearings in the boundary lubrication condition by LST combined with ZDDP-added lubrication. Firstly, the ZDDP antiwear tribofilm was characterized. The composition of the tribofilm and the difference between the blue- and the brown-colored region was revealed. Moreover, the analyses by high resolution methods indicated a sulfur enrichment at the interface between the tribofilm and the steel substrate. Secondly, the LST patterns were verified to reduce wear due to the capacity of lubricant storage and the enhanced growth of ZDDP tribofilm. The pressure distribution on the textured surface was calculated by a contact simulation, and the increase of normal stress led to a promotion of the tribofilm. Finally, the rolling bearings with the LST patterns demonstrated an increase in fatigue life.Die Laseroberflächenstrukturierung (eng.: Laser Surface Texturing (LST)) ist ein schnelles und präzises oberflächentechnisches Verfahren, welches es erlaubt die Reibung von Maschinenelementen zu reduzieren und somit zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz beiträgt. Außerdem können die LST-Strukturen die Verwendung eines üblichen Verschleißschutzadditivs wie Zinkdialkyldithiophosphat (ZDDP) unterstützen. Allerdings ist der Einsatz von LST im Grenzreibungsregime noch nicht etabliert. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Lebensdauer von Wälzlagern unter Grenzreibung durch eine Kombination aus LST und ZDDP-Einsatz zu verlängern. Zunächst wurde die chemische Beschaffenheit der Verschleißschutz-Triboschicht charakterisiert. Messungen mittels Atomsonden-Tomographie zeigen eine Anreicherung von Schwefel in der Grenzschicht zwischen Grund und Gegenkörper. Darüber hinaus wurde nachgewiesen, dass die LST-Strukturen den Verschleiß aufgrund von Schmiermittelspeicherung und einer verstärkten Triboschichtbildung verringern. Die Druckverteilung auf einer strukturierten Oberfläche wurde durch eine Kontaktsimulation berechnet, und die Zunahme der Normalspannung führt zu einer Förderung des Triboschichtbildung. Schließlich zeigten die Wälzlager mit den LST-Strukturen eine dreifache Ermüdungslebensdauer

Bullwhip Effect of a Closed Leep Supply Chain with and Without Information Sharing of Customer Demand

In recent years, companies have become interested in a closed-loop supply chain that is concerned with the recovery pipeline. The expenses of a company can be influenced by large inventories and backlogs due to the bullwhip effect in the supply chain. Previous literature has shown that the bullwhip effect can be decreased by a reverse supply chain. This paper develops a closed-loop supply chain including seven echelons for recovery of end-of-life products. The model considers the order-up-to inventory policy and the exponential smoothing forecasting with a trend method in the system to assist in determining the ordering quantities. The best of the best is the method for this paper to choose a good smoothing parameter and to compare the necessity for information sharing. This test method provides the minimizing cost for the companies and analyzes the type of costs that can be reduced by selecting a good parameter value or utilizing information sharing. Furthermore, it also provides a way to reduce the bullwhip effect and verifies that the bullwhip index and cost are a complement to each other

Je Me Soviens Seesaw Helps to bring a closer relationship with seniors by integrating across generations

The goal for this project is to help us encourage closer relationships with our seniors by integrating across generations. The world’s population is aging rapidly and this is becoming a big issue worldwide. According to the United Nations (UN), a person who is 60 or older is part of the older population. The UN also predicts people aged 60 and older make up 12.3% of the global population, and by 2050, that number will rise to almost 22% (Fund 2016). In other words, the senior population will reach over two million people all over the world. Therefore, we cannot neglect the impact of senior social issues that will generate from this fast-growing population trend. Instead, we should prepare ourselves to help them deal with all the possible problems they will encounter. This thesis will challenge the existing social issue: elder emotional segregation that has been occurring globally for years. Bring seniors back into our society is my main discussion topic and design project. I also plan to compare different cultural backgrounds and incorporate my findings into the solution of achieving and creating a fun, meaningful outcome from connection among generations. Furthermore, the long-term goal for this project is to help the public to realize the important value of each individual senior citizen