Negotiating Métis culture in Michif: Disrupting Indigenous language shift

Language contact, shift, and multilingualism are social processes inherent within power relationships under colonization and globalization that have shifted the values of languages and impacted cultures based upon political power. To explore understandings of language, colonization and globalization in regard to Indigenous peoples, the article considers the case of language negotiations amongst the Métis - Indigenous peoples of Canada and Northern United States who speak Michif. Michif is a contact language created in the 1800’s under the forces of colonization but which is increasingly affected by the dominance of the English language under continuing colonization and globalization. This article shares discussions with Métis Elders who focus attention on 1) The Meaning of Nehiyewak Language in Métis Communities, 2) Negotiating Identities through Language in Métis Contexts, and 3) Importance of Sharing Stories in Indigenous Languages and Relationships to Land. Discussion follows of lifestyles, racial categories and repression of identities, languages and relationships to self and culture, relationships to English, and language revitalization. Conclusions suggest some of the many forms that Michif language retention and revitalization might take as options for the future

Indigenous Knowledges, Representations of Indigenous Peoples on the Internet, and Pedagogies in a Case Study in Education: Questioning Using the Web to Teach About Indigenous Peoples

This paper examines pedagogical issues in uses of the Internet in educational settings by student-teachers, teachers, and their students as it relates to Indigenous peoples. The paper begins with a discussion of lndigenous knowledges followed by discussions of a website called "Exploring Nunavut" which is critiqued through decolonizing theory, Indigenous knowledges, and cultural studies. The paper then presents a case study in which the Internet is used to stimulate discussions of culture in a grade 3/4 classroom. The analysis of the story demonstrates the ways that the Internet texts are taken up through dominant discourses which are presented in the website. The paper demonstrates the complexity of educational practices in discussions of Indigenous peoples, the Internet, and education