Rapid Surface Oxidation as a Source of Surface Degradation Factor for Bi2Se3

Bi2Se3 is a topological insulator with metallic surface states residing in a large bulk bandgap. It is believed that Bi2Se3 gets additional n-type doping after exposure to atmosphere, thereby reducing the relative contribution of surface states in total conductivity. In this letter, transport measurements on Bi2Se3 nanoribbons provide additional evidence of such environmental doping process. Systematic surface composition analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal fast formation and continuous growth of native oxide on Bi2Se3 under ambient conditions. In addition to n-type doping at the surface, such surface oxidation is likely the material origin of the degradation of topological surface states. Appropriate surface passivation or encapsulation may be required to probe topological surface states of Bi2Se3 by transport measurements

The Vehicle, Spring 1974

Table of Contents PhotoJim Painterpage 1 Six Poems of the LandRay Schmuddepage 5 At Last to Find FreedomJann Briesacherpage 7 The Last IrisMarjorie Thoelepage 9 (Untitled)Melinda E. Recordpage 10 MenJan Schroederpage 10 ImpressionsJudy Bardpage 11 ScaredAnita Surpage 11 Loved and LostJan Schroederpage 12 Dripped-Over WaxAnita Surpage 13 The Crowded RoomWilliam E. Uteschpage 14 A River in IllinoisJames Jonespage 14 Sneeze SeasonDarlene A. Moorepage 14 ChangesMark Chianakaspage 15 PhotoJim Painterpage 16 Wedding VowsJann Briesacherpage 17 PhotoJim Painterpage 18 PhotoJim Painterpage 19 PhotoJim Painterpage 20 PhotoJim Painterpage 21 PhotoJim Painterpage 22 PhotoLarry Smyserpage 23 From Outside ColoradoRay Schmuddepage 24 Dairy QueenGayle Gleichmanpage 26 With Sunstreaks in our HairNancy Broom Brownpage 33 PhotoJim Painterpage 34 Water\u27s EdgeMarjorie Thoelepage 35 My 665th Illusion of SanityGordon Glessnerpage 36 Is it my turn to do the laundry again??? Jann Briesacherpage 38 TV Teachingbobbdoddpage 39 GuidanceWendy Diane Wielandpage 40 PhotoJim Painterpage 41 RaindropsJane Ann Beerspage 42 WaitingJan Schroederpage 42 To JonJudy Bardpage 43 One Autumn Day in 1971E. Christmanpage 43 More Surely Than Picture AlbumsMarjorie Thoelepage 44 WingspanningNancy Broom Brownpage 45 ReligionMelinda E. Recordpage 45 Rosalie StevensonMark Holleypage 46 PhotoJim Painterpage 47 WhiteShirley A. Rardinpage 48 The Beginning of a Perfect DayShirley A. Rardinpage 49 PhotoMichael Chenpage 50 Rosethorn Wall of June 17bobbdoddpage 51 ManJan Schroederpage 51 HaikuJudy Bardpage 51 You know it leaves me emptyJames Osbornepage 52 For JesseJames Osbornepage 52 EndingsMark Chianakaspage 53 ConfusionGary L. Owenspage 53 PhotoMichael Chenpage 54 PoemsJann Briesacherpage 54 Journey of just oneNancy Broom Brownpage 55 Blackbirds in IllinoisJames Jonespage 56 PoemsJann Briesacherpage 56 PhotoMichael Chenpage 57 I am a poemDarlene A. Moorepage 57 A Glimpse of ParadiseJann Briesacherpage 57 PhotoJim Painterpage 58 PoemSheila Marie Foorpage 59 In my windowBarbara S. Meyerpage 59 Section 4., Draft 3bobbdoddpage 60 PhotoJim Painterpage 61 PoemJann Briesacherpage 61 PhotoGary Deanpage 62 I amWilliam E. Uteschpage 62 To a tank-car in IllinoisJames Jonespage 63 PoemJane Ann Beerspage 63 PoemsJann Briesacherpage 63 Editor\u27s Pagepage 64https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1031/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, Spring 1974

Table of Contents PhotoJim Painterpage 1 Six Poems of the LandRay Schmuddepage 5 At Last to Find FreedomJann Briesacherpage 7 The Last IrisMarjorie Thoelepage 9 (Untitled)Melinda E. Recordpage 10 MenJan Schroederpage 10 ImpressionsJudy Bardpage 11 ScaredAnita Surpage 11 Loved and LostJan Schroederpage 12 Dripped-Over WaxAnita Surpage 13 The Crowded RoomWilliam E. Uteschpage 14 A River in IllinoisJames Jonespage 14 Sneeze SeasonDarlene A. Moorepage 14 ChangesMark Chianakaspage 15 PhotoJim Painterpage 16 Wedding VowsJann Briesacherpage 17 PhotoJim Painterpage 18 PhotoJim Painterpage 19 PhotoJim Painterpage 20 PhotoJim Painterpage 21 PhotoJim Painterpage 22 PhotoLarry Smyserpage 23 From Outside ColoradoRay Schmuddepage 24 Dairy QueenGayle Gleichmanpage 26 With Sunstreaks in our HairNancy Broom Brownpage 33 PhotoJim Painterpage 34 Water\u27s EdgeMarjorie Thoelepage 35 My 665th Illusion of SanityGordon Glessnerpage 36 Is it my turn to do the laundry again??? Jann Briesacherpage 38 TV Teachingbobbdoddpage 39 GuidanceWendy Diane Wielandpage 40 PhotoJim Painterpage 41 RaindropsJane Ann Beerspage 42 WaitingJan Schroederpage 42 To JonJudy Bardpage 43 One Autumn Day in 1971E. Christmanpage 43 More Surely Than Picture AlbumsMarjorie Thoelepage 44 WingspanningNancy Broom Brownpage 45 ReligionMelinda E. Recordpage 45 Rosalie StevensonMark Holleypage 46 PhotoJim Painterpage 47 WhiteShirley A. Rardinpage 48 The Beginning of a Perfect DayShirley A. Rardinpage 49 PhotoMichael Chenpage 50 Rosethorn Wall of June 17bobbdoddpage 51 ManJan Schroederpage 51 HaikuJudy Bardpage 51 You know it leaves me emptyJames Osbornepage 52 For JesseJames Osbornepage 52 EndingsMark Chianakaspage 53 ConfusionGary L. Owenspage 53 PhotoMichael Chenpage 54 PoemsJann Briesacherpage 54 Journey of just oneNancy Broom Brownpage 55 Blackbirds in IllinoisJames Jonespage 56 PoemsJann Briesacherpage 56 PhotoMichael Chenpage 57 I am a poemDarlene A. Moorepage 57 A Glimpse of ParadiseJann Briesacherpage 57 PhotoJim Painterpage 58 PoemSheila Marie Foorpage 59 In my windowBarbara S. Meyerpage 59 Section 4., Draft 3bobbdoddpage 60 PhotoJim Painterpage 61 PoemJann Briesacherpage 61 PhotoGary Deanpage 62 I amWilliam E. Uteschpage 62 To a tank-car in IllinoisJames Jonespage 63 PoemJane Ann Beerspage 63 PoemsJann Briesacherpage 63 Editor\u27s Pagepage 64https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1031/thumbnail.jp

Probing Nucleation Mechanism of Self-Catalyzed InN Nanostructures

The nucleation and evolution of InN nanowires in a self-catalyzed growth process have been investigated to probe the microscopic growth mechanism of the self-catalysis and a model is proposed for high pressure growth window at ~760 Torr. In the initial stage of the growth, amorphous InNx microparticles of cone shape in liquid phase form with assistance of an InNx wetting layer on the substrate. InN crystallites form inside the cone and serve as the seeds for one-dimensional growth along the favorable [0001] orientation, resulting in single-crystalline InN nanowire bundles protruding out from the cones. An amorphous InNx sheath around the faucet tip serves as the interface between growing InN nanowires and the incoming vapors of indium and nitrogen and supports continuous growth of InN nanowires in a similar way to the oxide sheath in the oxide-assisted growth of other semiconductor nanowires. Other InN 1D nanostructures, such as belts and tubes, can be obtained by varying the InN crystallites nucleation and initiation process

A HIF1α Regulatory Loop Links Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Signals in Pheochromocytomas

Pheochromocytomas are neural crest–derived tumors that arise from inherited or sporadic mutations in at least six independent genes. The proteins encoded by these multiple genes regulate distinct functions. We show here a functional link between tumors with VHL mutations and those with disruption of the genes encoding for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits B (SDHB) and D (SDHD). A transcription profile of reduced oxidoreductase is detected in all three of these tumor types, together with an angiogenesis/hypoxia profile typical of VHL dysfunction. The oxidoreductase defect, not previously detected in VHL-null tumors, is explained by suppression of the SDHB protein, a component of mitochondrial complex II. The decrease in SDHB is also noted in tumors with SDHD mutations. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses show that the link between hypoxia signals (via VHL) and mitochondrial signals (via SDH) is mediated by HIF1α. These findings explain the shared features of pheochromocytomas with VHL and SDH mutations and suggest an additional mechanism for increased HIF1α activity in tumors

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Risk Genes Identified by Multigene Hereditary Cancer Panel Testing

Background: Germline genetic testing with hereditary cancer gene panels can identify women at increased risk of breast cancer. However, those at increased risk of triple-negative (estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative) breast cancer (TNBC) cannot be identified because predisposition genes for TNBC, other than BRCA1, have not been established. The aim of this study was to define the cancer panel genes associated with increased risk of TNBC. Methods: Multigene panel testing for 21 genes in 8753 TNBC patients was performed by a clinical testing laboratory, and testing for 17 genes in 2148 patients was conducted by a Triple Negative Breast Cancer Consortium(TNBCC) of research studies. Associations between deleterious mutations in cancer predisposition genes and TNBC were evaluated using results from TNBC patients and reference controls. Results: Germline pathogenic variants in BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, and RAD51D were associated with high risk (odds ratio > 5.0) of TNBC and greater than 20% lifetime risk for overall breast cancer among Caucasians. Pathogenic variants in BRIP1, RAD51C, and TP53 were associated with moderate risk (odds ratio > 2) of TNBC. Similar trends were observed for the African American population. Pathogenic variants in these TNBC genes were detected in 12.0% (3.7% non-BRCA1/2) of all participants. Conclusions: Multigene hereditary cancer panel testing can identify women with elevated risk of TNBC due to mutations in BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, and RAD51D. These women can potentially benefit from improved screening, risk management, and cancer prevention strategies. Patients with mutations may also benefit from specific targeted therapeutic strategies.Peer reviewe

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin