Proceedings of the 1998 Winter Simulation Conference

Traditional methods of dealing with variability in simulation input data are mainly stochastic. This is most often the best method to use if the factors affecting the variation or the nature of the relationships between the factors and the outputs can not be easily identified

The department of defense high level architecture

The High Level Architecture (HLA) provides the specification of a common technical architecture for use across all classes of simulations in the US Department of Defense. It provides the structural basis for simulation interoperability. The baseline definition of the HLA includes (1) the HLA Rules, (2) the HLA Interface Specification, and (3) the HLA Object Model Template. This paper describes the motivations and processes used to develop the High Level Architecture and provides a technical description of key elements of the architecture and supporting software. Services defined in the interface specification for providing time management (TM) and data distribution management (DDM) for distributed simulations are described

The DoD High Level Architecture: An Update

The High Level Architecture (HLA) provides the specification of a common technical architecture for use across all classes of simulations in the US Department of Defense. It provides the structural basisfor simulation interoperability. The baseline definition of the HLA includes the HLA Rules, the HLA Interface Specification (IFSpec), and the HLA Object Model Template (OMT). The HLA Rules are a set of 10 basic rules that define key principles used in the HLA as well as the responsibilities and relationships among the components of an HLA federation. The HLA IFSpec provides a specification of the functional interfaces between HLA federates and the HLA Runtime Infrastructure. The HLA OMT provides a common presentation format for HLA Simulation and Federation Object Models. This paper provides a description of the development of the HLA, a technical description of the key elements of the architecture, and a discussion of HLA implementation, including HLA support processes and software. I..

ABSTRACT CFOR Approach to Simulation Scalability

ARPA, in its STOW program, expressed a goal of expanding virtual simulation exercises to encompass 100,000 DIS entities. Obvious scalability challenges to meeting this goal are the computer and network issues such as bandwidth and computing power. However, human issues are also relevant; such issues include exercise management, reducing the staffing necessary for an exercise, and maintaining realism while increasing the span of control of human operators.. As a part of STOW, the Command Forces (CFOR) program simulates command and control nodes in software. One of its goals is to address and improve the human aspects of scalability. In particular, it aims to (1) reduce the number of personnel required to operate a training exercise; (2) maintain the fidelity of a DIS exercise; (3) enhance the training value to the operators; and (4) facilitate exercise management

CFOR Approach to Simulation Scalability

ARPA, in its STOW program, expressed a goal of expanding virtual simulation exercises to encompass 100,000 DIS entities. Obvious scalability challenges to meeting this goal are the computer and network issues such as bandwidth and computing power. However, human issues are also relevant; such issues include exercise management, reducing the staffing necessary for an exercise, and maintaining realism while increasing the span of control of human operators.. As a part of STOW, the Command Forces (CFOR) program simulates command and control nodes in software. One of its goals is to address and improve the human aspects of scalability. In particular, it aims to (1) reduce the number of personnel required to operate a training exercise; (2) maintain the fidelity of a DIS exercise; (3) enhance the training value to the operators; and (4) facilitate exercise management. INTRODUCTION The Advanced Research Program Agency (ARPA) is engaged in implementing a program called the Synthetic Theater..

Command Forces: An Extension Of DIS Virtual Simulation

Command Forces (CFOR) is a concept that incorporates explicit modeling of battlefield command and control (C 2 ) in virtual simulation. CFOR extends the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) architecture by adding a new class of DIS entities (command entities) and explicit representation of the information exchanged among these entities (Command and Control Simulation Interface Language). Command entities themselves are structured in a layered architecture separating general DIS interface capabilities, command vehicle representation, command entity information services, and command decision making. CFOR utilizes the basic DIS virtual simulation architecture for platform ground truth information exchange and interaction (e.g., Entity State PDUs) and transmission of CCSIL (i.e., Signal PDUs). 1 Vision and Goal for CFOR Beginning with SIMNET, the promise of entitybased virtual DIS has grown. By providing a realistic, man-in-the-loop synthetic environment for training and concept eval..

Implementation of Command Forces (CFOR) Simulation

The command forces (CFOR) program will implement a new aspect of warfare simulation: explicit modeling of command and control. The program presents several aspects: (1) a concept of operations where command and control nodes occupy the battlespace in the same manner as weapons systems; (2) an architecture where software simulation of command and control interacts with the battlefield through a set of common services; (3) a software design for the services that forms an infrastructure that integrates with the underlying ModSAF wargame; (4) a mechanism that facilitates automated integration of real world C2 systems with simulations; and (5) an implementation plan that integrates the efforts of multiple developers to produce a functioning multiservice command forces simulation. The CFOR program has passed through the concept and planning phases and is now beginning implementation. Lessons learned from progress to date are presented along with a plan for multi-vendor implementation. 2. B..

Command Forces: An Extension of DIS Virtual Simulation," Eleventh Workshop on Standards for the Interoperability of Defense Simulations

Command Forces (CFOR) is a concept that incorporates explicit modeling of battlefield command and control (C 2) in virtual simulation. CFOR extends the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) architecture by adding a new class of DIS entities (command entities) and explicit representation of the information exchanged among these entities (Command and Control Simulation Interface Language). Command entities themselves are structured in a layered architecture separating general DIS interface capabilities, command vehicle representation, command entity information services, and command decision making. CFOR utilizes the basic DIS virtual simulation architecture for platform ground truth information exchange and interactio