OPTIMISM AND PAIN INTERFERENCE IN AGING WOMEN

Pain interferes with people\u27s daily lives and often limits the extent to which they can pursue goals and engages in activities that promote well-being. The present study test how optimism affects and is affected by pain interference and activity among older women. Every three months for two years, middle- and older-age women (N = 199) complete daily diaries at home for a seven-day period, reporting their daily pain, pain interference, and activity. Optimism was measured at baseline and end-of-study. Multilevel models test the between- and within-person relationships among pain, optimism, pain interference and activity. Pain best predicted pain interference and optimism best predicted activity. Accumulated activity and pain interference across the study predicted longitudinal changes in optimism over two years. Optimism may play a protective role in disruptions caused by pain, leading to decreased pain interference and increased activity. In turn, less interference and more activity feed forward into increased optimism, resulting in a cycle that enhances optimism and well-being among older women

A Different Kind of Prisoner\u27s Dilemma: The Right to the Free Exercise of Religion for Incarcerated Persons

Part I will lay the foundation for the constitutional right to freedom of religion in the United States. It will explain how the Framers understood the right in the lead up to, and at the time of, the ratification of the Free Exercise Clause as part of the Bill of Rights. Part I will also address more modern advances in religious liberty protections for prisoners before discussing two recent milestones: the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act and the Supreme Court’s decision in Holt v. Hobbs. Part II addresses the right to freedom of religion internationally. It begins by considering the international right to religious freedom under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights and then discusses recent case precedents in the European Court of Human Rights. Finally, Part III offers conclusions and recommendations regarding how the right ought to be interpreted and applied both domestically and internationally for the better protection of a prisoner’s right to a preacher and a place to worship. This includes both jurisprudentially in emerging cases such as Holt v. Hobbs II and in the context of international policy through means such as the U.S. State Department’s new Commission on Unalienable Rights

Asteroseismic Signatures of Stellar Magnetic Activity Cycles

Observations of stellar activity cycles provide an opportunity to study magnetic dynamos under many different physical conditions. Space-based asteroseismology missions will soon yield useful constraints on the interior conditions that nurture such magnetic cycles, and will be sensitive enough to detect shifts in the oscillation frequencies due to the magnetic variations. We derive a method for predicting these shifts from changes in the Mg II activity index by scaling from solar data. We demonstrate this technique on the solar-type subgiant beta Hyi, using archival International Ultraviolet Explorer spectra and two epochs of ground-based asteroseismic observations. We find qualitative evidence of the expected frequency shifts and predict the optimal timing for future asteroseismic observations of this star.Comment: 5 pages including 3 figures and 1 table, MNRAS Letters accepte

Relief for Prison Overcrowding: Evaluating Michigan\u27s Accelerated Parole Statute

This Note describes and analyzes Michigan\u27s Prison Overcrowding Emergency Powers Act. Part I reviews briefly current efforts to relieve prison overcrowding and concludes that traditional remedies are largely inadequate. Part II examines the early prisoner release statute and its implementation. Finally, Part III evaluates the statute\u27s success in relieving prison overcrowding