Penalty discount rate: I

Monetary policy - United States ; Discount

Penalty discount rate: II

Monetary policy - United States ; Discount ; Bank reserves

Practice guidelines for prenatal and perinatal immunohematology, revisited

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73778/1/j.1537-2995.2001.41111445.x.pd

On proper terminology

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72876/1/j.1537-2995.1992.32192116443.x.pd

On the high probability that a perceived lack of value of obtaining a p value will be detrimental to patient care

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92406/1/j.1537-2995.1997.37897424414.x.pd

Appropriate Serological Testing in Pregnancy

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72557/1/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01243.x.pd

Persistence of cefotetan on red blood cells

Cefotetan can cause severe immune hemolytic anemia that may persist long after the drug is discontinued. To study the binding of cefotetan to RBCs, patients who received cefotetan were followed and tested for the presence of antibody to cefotetan. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Patients receiving cefotetan were identified from pharmacy and nursing records. Blood samples obtained for routine hematology tests were analyzed. Cefotetan binding to patients’ RBCs was tested using a previously characterized high-titer anticefotetan serum by gel technique. To determine the minimum amount of drug necessary for binding to occur, RBCs were incubated with serial dilutions of cefotetan at pH 7.4. RESULTS:  Sixty patients receiving 1 to 25 g IV (median, 2 g) of cefotetan were followed for 1 to 123 days (median, 18 days). All were initially positive, for cefotetan on RBCs. Positivity persisted for up to 98 days after the last dose of drug. Fifteen patients became negative during follow-up. The first negative sample occurred at Day 30 to 123. Using the midpoint between the last positive and first negative to estimate of the duration of positivity, we estimate that cefotetan remains RBC-bound for 16.5 to 92 days (median, 67.5 days). During the follow-up period, five patients developed anticefotetan detectable in the serum. Twenty patients receiving other cephalosporin antibiotics showed no specific reactivity of their RBCs with anticefotetan. In vitro studies showed a minimum necessary drug concentration of 1 µmol/L at physiologic pH, which was not significantly altered by RBC pretreatment with ficin, sialydase, or DTT. CONCLUSIONS:  Cefotetan is tightly bound to RBCs after intravenous administration and remains detectable for weeks after the last dose. Antibodies to cefotetan may occur in about 8 percent of patients receiving the drug. The minimum necessary concentration for RBC binding is low compared to an estimated plasma concentration of 240 µmol/L from a single IV dose of 1 g.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72360/1/j.1537-2995.2004.03360.x.pd

St. John\u27s Church: A History and Appreciation: Produced on the Occasion of the Jubilee 2000

A history of St. John\u27s Catholic Church on York Street in Bangor, Maine, dating from the 1830s to 2000.https://digicom.bpl.lib.me.us/books_pubs/1343/thumbnail.jp

Inactivation of Kell blood group antigens by 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75007/1/j.1365-2141.1982.tb07295.x.pd

Revisiting the issue: can the reading for serologic reactivity following 37°C incubation be omitted?

Omitting the 37°C reading from screening tests for unexpected antibodies results in failure to detect some Rh, K, and Jk agglutinins of potential significance (wanted positives). However, this measure avoids unwanted positive tests due to cold agglutinins. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : Using data from prior publications, actual risk calculations (ARCs) were made to predict the risk of eliminating the 37°C reading, pretransfusion direct antiglobulin test (DAT), and routine indirect antiglobulin crossmatch (IAT-XM). ARCs used the equation: wanted positives missed × 0.34 (or 0.80) × 5 × percent antigen-positive, where 0.34 = percent of patients transfused (ARCs for 37°C reading and DAT); 0.80 = percent of crossmatched patients transfused (ARCs for IAT-XM); 5 = average number of units transfused. Following elimination of the 37°C reading, the impact of this change on patient care was monitored. Antibody detection and identification data and transfusion reaction reports for 6 months after the change were reviewed. Recently transfused patients with new antibodies were evaluated for immune hemolysis by review of clinical and laboratory data. The findings were compared with those from the same dates of the preceding year. RESULTS : The risk of transfusing incompatible blood by eliminating the DAT, IAT-XM, and 37°C reading is approximately 1:13,000, 1:2,000, and 1:2,400 units transfused, respectively. The cumulative risk from eliminating all three tests is approximately. 1:1,000 units. With respect to the 37°C reading, there were no differences between the pre-change and post-change study periods in the incidence of reported transfusion reactions or cases of immune hemolysis associated with newly formed antibodies. However, unwanted positive tests decreased from 162 to 61 following elimination of the 37°C reading. This represents a decrease of 20 percent in the number of samples requiring antibody identification annually. CONCLUSIONS : Eliminating the 37°C reading from pretransfusion antibody screening tests imposes less risk than omitting the routine IAT-XM, and it avoids the time and costs of evaluating unwanted positive tests, thus reducing expenditures and delays in patient care.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74728/1/j.1537-2995.1999.39399219287.x.pd