Educational Leadership: A New Trend that Society Needs

AbstractThis paper aims to highlight early and contemporary ideas on educational leadership from an Islamic perspective. It started with the definition of the term. Educational leadership in this context could be the process of guiding and influencing the members of the organization so that they will display initiative and love for the work that they do as a kind of worship towards achieving the common objectives of the organization. Educational leadership roles have been discussed in this paper. These are the visionary leader, the servant leader, the leader as a guide, the influential leader and the educative leader. The paper discussed also the styles of educational leadership that include brotherhood, collaborative, Shuratic or consultative and supportive leadership

Endothelium in the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 is derived from the second heart field.

Oxygenated blood from the heart is directed into the systemic circulation through the aortic arch arteries (AAAs). The AAAs arise by remodeling of three symmetrical pairs of pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs), which connect the heart with the paired dorsal aortae at mid-gestation. Aberrant PAA formation results in defects frequently observed in patients with lethal congenital heart disease. How the PAAs form in mammals is not understood. The work presented in this manuscript shows that the second heart field (SHF) is the major source of progenitors giving rise to the endothelium of the pharyngeal arches 3 - 6, while the endothelium in the pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 is derived from a different source. During the formation of the PAAs 3 - 6, endothelial progenitors in the SHF extend cellular processes toward the pharyngeal endoderm, migrate from the SHF and assemble into a uniform vascular plexus. This plexus then undergoes remodeling, whereby plexus endothelial cells coalesce into a large PAA in each pharyngeal arch. Taken together, our studies establish a platform for investigating cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating PAA formation and alterations that lead to disease

The Extent of Principals’ Application of the Transformational Leadership and its Relationship to the Level of Job Satisfaction among Teachers of Galilee Region

The current study aimed to identify the degree of applying the transformational leadership in school administration (among principals), the level of job satisfaction among teachers, and investigate the relationship to each other. The sample consisted of (182) teachers, who were randomly selected from teachers of Galilee region inside the Green Line for the academic year 2015/2016. Two questionnaires utilized in this study after validity and reliability verified: the first is the questionnaire of practicing the transformational leadership and the second is job satisfaction questionnaire. The results showed that the degree of applying the transformational leadership in school administration ​​among teachers of Galilee is very high, and that the degree of job satisfaction among teachers is also very high, and the results showed no differences in the level of applying the transformational leadership and the level of job satisfaction due to gender, academic qualification, years of experience and level of school. The results showed statistically significant positive relationship between the application of transformational leadership and job satisfaction. The study recommended the need to maintain the high level of applying the transformational leadership among principals through providing them with training courses, seminars and lectures on style of transformational leadership, its fields and its impact on the development and evolution of teaching-learning process. Keywords: School administration, transformational leadership, job satisfaction, Galilee region

The Practicing Degree of Leadership Skills by School Principals in the Green line in Palestine in Light of Learning Organization and Organizational Culture

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to reveal the elementary teachers\u27 practicing degree of leadership skills from the perspectives of teachers themselves within the green line in Palestine, in light of learning organization and organizational culture. To achieve this aim, the researchers prepared two instruments; the first is a questionnaire composed of (52) items to find out the practicing degree of leadership skills from the perspectives of teachers themselves. It consisted of four domains. The second is a questionnaire including (34) items to find out the learning organization and organizational culture’s degree of implementation from the perspectives of teachers. The study sample was (230) teachers. The study results and findings revealed that the elementary teachers\u27 practicing degree of leadership skills from the perspectives of teachers was high overall. The skills were as follows: Personal skills, administrative skills, perceptive skills, and humanitarian social skills respectively. It revealed also that there were no statistical differences among the means of the elementary teachers\u27 practicing degree of leadership skills from the perspectives of teachers due to the variables of gender, academic rank, experience, and school. Elementary school implementation of learning organization and organizational culture from the perspectives of teachers was high. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between practicing leadership skills along with other domains and school implementation of learning organization and organizational culture from the perspectives of teachers. Key Words: Leadership Skills, School Principals, Green Line, Learning Organization, and Organizational Cultur

Intellectual Efficiency of Primary School Principals in the North within the Green Line and its Relationship to Emotional Intelligence الكفاءة الفكرية لدى مديري المدارس الابتدائية في الشمال داخل الخط الأخضر وعلاقتها بالذكاء الوجداني

Abstract: The study aimed to identify the relationship between intellectual efficiency and emotional intelligence among primary school principals in the North within the Green Line from teachers\u27 point of view. The study sample consisted of (460) primary school teachers. To achieve the study objectives, descriptive survey methodology was used. The results showed that the level of intellectual efficiency among primary school principals was high from teachers\u27 point of view, while emotional intelligence was moderate. The results revealed statistically significant differences in intellectual efficiency level among primary school principals due to qualification, in favor of Bachelor degree, while there were no statistically significant differences due to gender and experience. Also the results revealed statistically significant differences in emotional intelligence level among primary school principals due to qualification, in favor of Bachelor degree, while there were no statistically significant differences due to gender and experience. It was found that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between intellectual efficiency and emotional intelligence among primary school principals from teachers\u27 point of view. ملخص: هدفت الدراسة تعرف مستوى الكفاءة الفكرية وعلاقتها بالذكاء الوجداني لدى مديري المدارس الابتدائية في الشمال داخل الخط الأخضر من وجهة نظر المعلمين. تكونت عينة الدراسة من (460) معلماً ومعلمة من معلمي المدارس الابتدائية. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، استُخدِمَ المنهج الوصفي المسحي الارتباطي بالاعتماد على الاستبانة. تمثلت أبرز النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة في وجود مستوى مرتفع من الكفاءة الفكرية لدى مديري المدارس الابتدائية في الشمال داخل الخط الأخضر من وجهة نظر المعلمين، في حين أن الذكاء الوجداني كان متوسطاً. وأظهرت النتائج وجود فروق في مستوى الكفاءة الفكرية لدى مديري المدارس الابتدائية تعزى لمتغير المستوى التعليمي، لصالح البكالوريوس، في حين لم تظهر أي فروق تعزى لمتغيري الجنس والخبرة. وتبين وجود فروق في مستوى الذكاء الاجتماعي لدى مديري المدارس الابتدائية تعزى لمتغير المستوى التعليمي، لصالح البكالوريوس، في حين لم تكن هناك فروق تعزى لمتغيري الجنس والخبرة. وتبينَّ وجود علاقة ارتباطية إيجابية دالة احصائياً بين الكفاءة الفكرية والذكاء الوجداني من وجهة نظر المعلمين

Patterns of Leadership Behavior of Academic Leaders in the Universities of the Northern Territory and their Relationship to their Thinking Patterns According to the Integrated Thinking Model from the Viewpoint of Faculty Members أنماط السلوك القيادي للقادة الأكاديميين في جامعات إقليم الشمال وعلاقتها بأنماط تفكيرهم وفق نموذج التفكير المتكامل من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس

Abstract: This study examined the leadership behaviors styles among academic leaders in universities at Nothern region and their relationship to thinking styles according to the integrated thinking model from the point of view of faculty members. This study adopted a correlational descriptive methodology. The sample of the study consisted of (345) faculty members selected using stratified random sampling. To achieve the objectives of the study, two instruments were employed after both validity and reliability were verified. These were Leadership Behavior Styles Scale and Hermann Thinking Styles Scale. The results of the study indicated that the dominant leadership style for academic leaders was the democratic style. The results also showed that the dominant thinking style according to the integrated thinking model was (B) thinking style which has attendancy to practice, order, and time management. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between democratic behavior style among academic leaders and all thinking styles according to the integrated thinking model. ملخص: هدفت الدراسة تعرف أنماط السلوك القيادي للقادة الأكاديميين في جامعات إقليم الشمال وعلاقتها بأنماط تفكيرهم وفق أُنموذج التفكير المتكامل من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس. اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي. وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (345) عضو هيئة تدريس اختبروا بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، ُ تم استخدام مقياس أنماط السلوك القيادي ومقياس أنماط التفكير لهيرمان -بعد التأكد من صدقهما وثباتهما-. بينت النتائج أن النمط القيادي السائد للقادة الأكاديميين كان النمط الديمقراطي. كما أظهرت النتائج أن نمط التفكير السائد وفق أُنموذج التفكير المتكامل كان نمط التفكير (ِB) يميل هذا الجزء نحو الجانب العملي والنظام، وإدارة الوقت، ووجود علاقة ارتباطية طردية (إيجابية) بين النمط الديمقراطي الممارس للقادة الأكاديميين وجميع أنماط التفكير وفق أُنموذج التفكير المتكامل

Patient Satisfaction and Its Predictors in the General Hospitals of Southwest Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey

Background: Patient satisfaction occupies a central position in measuring the quality of care as it provides information on the provider's success, meeting the patient’s values and expectations. Hence, it is an essential tool for assessing health services outcomes. This study aimed to assess patients' satisfaction level and factors influencing healthcare quality of general hospitals in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 423 patients selected through stratified random sampling from general hospitals of the Jazan region. Results: The overall satisfaction rate among the study participants was 80.9%. Satisfaction with food services was the highest (91.15%) followed by doctor services (81.0%), reception and entry procedures (80%), and nursing services (78.15%). The various aspects of satisfaction with doctors and nurses included the treatment prescribed by physicians, clarity in communication with patients, compassion and providing clear explanation of what they were doing. However, about 27.3% of the patients were dissatisfied with the length of waiting period before seeing a doctor. Binary logistic regression analysis suggested that uneducated patients and patients with secondary school education were more likely to have higher satisfaction level than university-educated patients (OR = 3.40, 95% C.I. [1.56–7.45], p = 0.002), (OR = 2.66, 95% C.I. [1.28–5.55], p = 0.009), and (OR = 2.29, 95% C.I. [1.40–3.73], p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The health services satisfaction level was high in the Jazan population. However, some aspects of dissatisfaction were reported, such as the long waiting period before seeing a doctor. These aspects are recommended to be improved to ensure that the services provided by general hospitals are of high quality

An Overview Of Preventing Measures Toward Antibiotic Resistance, Pharmacist\u27s Role

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) teams around the world include pharmacists, and their impact on this is unclear, therefore we aimed by this review to emphasizes their roles. We have conducted a search through electronic databases; Medline and Embase, for all relevant studies related to our topic which was published till the middle of 2022. As antibiotic and vaccine regimens become more complex due to the continuously evolving epidemiology of infectious illnesses, the pharmacist\u27s involvement in battling and preventing infectious diseases is vital. The decline in medication development makes the preservation of already existing antibiotics of utmost importance, emphasizing the roles of pharmacists in optimizing the effectiveness of available treatments. While further training in infectious diseases may be required for certain pharmacist roles in preventing antibiotic resistance, there are numerous others that all pharmacists can assume