Linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition assay of YL and FY.

<p>The degree of lipid oxidation was measured at 24 h intervals. All data were reported as mean ± SD (n = 3) and * indicated statistical difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in rat liver by YL and FY.

<p>All data were reported as mean ± SD (n = 3) and * indicated statistical difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p

Identification of the molecular mass and amino acid sequences of PSP-1(A) and PSP-2(B) by Q-TOF MS/MS.

<p>Identification of the molecular mass and amino acid sequences of PSP-1(A) and PSP-2(B) by Q-TOF MS/MS.</p

Cytotoxic effect of peptides YL and FY on HepG-2 cells.

<p>A: control (un-treated HepG-2 cells); B: HepG-2 cells supplemented with 0.1 mg mL^-1 YL; C: HepG-2 cells supplemented with 0.05 mg mL^-1 FY; D: HepG-2 cells supplemented with 0.1 mg mL^-1 FY.</p

Cytotoxic effect of peptides YL and FY on CHO cells.

<p>A: control (un-treated CHO cells); B: CHO cells supplemented with 0.1 mg mL^-1 YL; C: CHO cells supplemented with 0.1 mg mL^-1 FY.</p

Free radical-scavenging activity assays of YL and FY.

<p><b>A, B, C and D represent ABTS radical-scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical-scavenging activity and ORAC assay, respectively</b>. The antioxidant peptide GSH was used as positive control. All data were reported as mean ± SD (n = 3) and * indicated statistical difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p

Comparison of antioxidant activity of the mutational peptide FL with the parent peptides YL and FY.

<p>A: ABTS radical-scavenging activity; B: hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity; C: superoxide anion radical-scavenging activity; D: linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition activity; E: ORAC activity. The antioxidant peptide GSH was used as positive control. All data were reported as mean ± SD (n = 3) and * indicated statistical difference between YL/FY and FL. (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p

Cytoprotection effect of YL and FY on HepG-2 cells against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress.

<p>A: control group (un-treated HepG-2 cell); B: H₂O₂ treatment group (HepG-2 cells +1 mmol L^-1 H₂O₂); C: HepG-2 cells+1 mmol L^-1 H₂O₂+0.1 mg mL^-1 YL; D: HepG-2 cells+1 mmol L^-1 H₂O₂+ 0.05 mg mL^-1 FY; E: HepG-2 cells+1 mmol L^-1 H₂O₂+ 0.1 mg mL^-1 FY.</p

Synthesis for the Mesomer and Racemate of Thiophene-Based Double Helicene under Irradiation

In this work, the racemate and mesomer of the thiophene-based naphthalene-cored double helicenes (<b>1</b>) were obtained efficiently by one-pot photocyclization of 1,1,2,2-tetrakis­(dithieno­[2,3-<i>b</i>:3′,2′-<i>d</i>]­thiophen-2-yl)­ethene in the presence of iodine in dry benzene. The structure of <i>meso</i>-<b>1a</b> was confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. The chiral resolution of the racemate was carried out by chiral HPLC, and the chiral properties, such as CD spectra, optical rotations, and half-life of enantiomers were characterized

Self-Assembled DNA Dendrimer Nanoparticle for Efficient Delivery of Immunostimulatory CpG Motifs

Dendrimer-like DNA nanostructures have attractive properties such as mechanical stability, highly branched nanostructure, customized sizes, and biocompatibility. In this study, we construct programmable DNA dendrimeric nanoparticles as efficient vehicles to deliver immunostimulatory cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) sequences for activation of the immune response. DNA dendrimers decorated with CpG-containing hairpin-loops triggered stronger immune response characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokines production, in contrast to DNA dendrimers loading linear CpG. After further modification with TAT peptide, a typical cell-penetrating peptide, on the surface of the nanocarriers, CpG loops-loaded DNA dendrimers showed the enhanced cell internalization and cytokines production. The TAT-DNA dendrimer-CpG loops constructs did not affect the viability of immune cells and no detectable cytotoxicity was observed. Our results demonstrate that the DNA dendrimers can serve as designable and safe vehicles for delivery of immune modulators and anticancer drugs