Truth Degrees Theory and Approximate Reasoning in 3-Valued Propositional Pre-Rough Logic

By means of the function induced by a logical formula A, the concept of truth degree of the logical formula A is introduced in the 3-valued pre-rough logic in this paper. Moreover, similarity degrees among formulas are proposed and a pseudometric is defined on the set of formulas, and hence a possible framework suitable for developing approximate reasoning theory in 3-value logic pre-rough logic is established

Solvent-Free Plasticity and Programmable Mechanical Behaviors of Engineered Proteins

Biopolymeric networks with plasticity show great competences in diverse fields owing to the combined biocompatible and mechanical characteristics. However, to realize such plasticity external complicated treatments, e.g., UV or organic solvent have to be applied, which in turn impair the biological nature and even mechanical properties of those systems. To address this challenge, one new type of anhydrous protein liquid crystalline (LC) gels, which exhibit flexible morphological plasticity and mechanical programmability is demonstrated. Supramolecular interactions in the smectic biogels play an important role for their high plasticity. Remarkably, the samples exhibit outstanding mechanical behaviors. The tensile strength and Young's modulus at MPa levels are comparable or even higher than chemically cross-linked hydrogels and LC elastomers. More importantly, mechanical programmability of the LC gels is achieved by genetically tuning the charge density of protein backbones. Consequently, the mechanical performance is manipulated in the range of one order of magnitude. Thus, this type of anhydrous protein LC gels offers great opportunities for load-bearing high-tech applications

Automatic identification and analysis of cells using digital holographic microscopy and Sobel segmentation

Counting and analyzing of blood cells, as well as their subcellular structures, are indispensable for understanding biological processes, studying cell functions, and diagnosing diseases. In this paper, we combine digital holographic microscopy with cell segmentation guided by the Sobel operator using Dice coefficients for automatic threshold selection and aimed to automatic counting and analysis of blood cells in flow and different kinds of cells in the static state. We demonstrate the proposed method with automatic counting and analyzing rat red blood cells (RBCS) flowing in a microfluidic device, extracting quickly and accurately the size, concentration, and dry mass of the sample in a label-free manner. The proposed technique was also demonstrated for automatic segmentation of different cell types, such as COS7 and Siha. This method can help us in blood inspection, providing pathological information in disease diagnosis and treatment

Effects of Different Lights on Seed Germination, Total Flavonoids Synthesis, and Related Enzyme Activities of Toona sinensis Seedlings

In order to explore the effects of different lights on seed germination, total flavonoids synthesis, and related enzyme activities of Toona sinensis seedlings, LED were applied to the seeds and seedlings of Toona sinensis. The experimental materials were ‘Hongyou Toona sinensis’. White light (CK), blue light (B), red and blue light 2:1 (R2B1), red and blue light 1:1 (R1B1), red and blue light 1:2 (R1B2), red light (R) were used for 15 days respectively, and the seed germination, total flavonoid synthesis and related enzyme activities in seedlings were measured. The results showed that compared to the control group (CK), the red light dominated illumination (R, R1B1, R2B1) promoted the seeds germination, and the dry and fresh weight of the whole plant treated with light (R2B1) increased by 55.06% and 82.86% respectively, which were the highest among all the treatments. Compared with CK and R, other light treatments significantly increased the total flavonoid content in Toona sinensis seedlings (P<0.05). Treatment B was significantly higher than other groups, and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and chalcone isomerase (CHI) were also significantly increased (P<0.05), which showed a significant positive correlation with the changes in total flavonoid. Therefore, the germination of Toona sinensis seeds can be facilitated by the treatment of R2B1, and a significant enhancement in total flavonoid synthesis can be achieved by the treatment of B for Toona sinensis seedlings, effectively promoting the activities of PAL, CHS, and CHI enzymes

Loss of Abhd5 Promotes Colorectal Tumor Development and Progression by Inducing Aerobic Glycolysis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

How cancer cells shift metabolism to aerobic glycolysis is largely unknown. Here, we show that deficiency of a/b-hydrolase domain-containing 5 (Abhd5), an intracellular lipolytic activator that is also known as comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58), promotes this metabolic shift and enhances malignancies of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). Silencing of Abhd5 in normal fibroblasts induces malignant transformation. Intestine-specific knockout of Abhd5 in ApcMin/+ mice robustly increases tumorigenesis and malignant transformation of adenomatous polyps. In colon cancer cells, Abhd5 deficiency induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing the AMPKa-p53 pathway, which is attributable to increased aerobic glycolysis. In human CRCs, Abhd5 expression falls substantially and correlates negatively with malignant features. Our findings link Abhd5 to CRC pathogenesis and suggest that cancer cells develop aerobic glycolysis by suppressin