The Japanese Banknotes of the Taiwan Bank in the Meiji 30s

After Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, Taiwan was incorporated into Japanese territory. Although Taiwan has a unique geographical location, the island is rich in natural resources, but there are no mature financial institutions in the island, the monetary system is complex, currency chaos is serious. As a result, economic development has stagnated. The Japanese government aims to revitalize Taiwan\u27s economy, reforming Taiwan\u27s monetary system, putting into implementation of gold standard system, decision to establish Bank of Taiwan. Later Bank of Taiwan issues one yuan bond and five yuan bond in Meiji 32, fifty yuan bond in Meiji 33, ten yuan bond in Meiji 34 circulating in the market by extremely popular. People on the island gradually changed from using money to using silver bonds, Finally accepted of voucher. The bank bonds issued by the Bank of Taiwan are printed and introduced in Japan, This paper will clarify the process of the introduction of silver bonds and the current situation after introduction.中谷伸生教授古稀記念

清末中国における日本製紙幣導入の研究 [論文要旨及び審査の要旨]

関西大

On the Manufacturing Process of the Japanese Paper Currency Introduced by Zhang Zhidong during the Late Qing Dynasty

The opening of foreign trade in the mid 19th century, especially the opium trade, created a large outflow of silver from China, resulting in increased living costs. This situation, coupled with the large number of foreign silver flooding the Chinese market, seriously undermined the old minted silver system. At the same time, due to insufficient copper mining at Yunnan and expensive foreign copper, there arose the phenomenon of poor quality coinage flooding the market. Because this system led to a shortage of money, the Qing Viceroy Zhang Zhidong issued banknotes in order to improve upon inadequate coinage in Hubei province. Kuroda Akinobu discussed in his essay two currency reforms in Hubei Province during 1893-1902 and 1903-1908. He especially focused on currency reform; however he did not go into detail about the silver tickets and other forms of official paper money used in the currency reforms.Zhang Zhidong issued government notes in Hubei Province in 1896. Due to the rough printing technology however, the printed government notes were easily copied, and this quickly led to large scale forging. In order to combat this, Zhang Zhidong decided to customize paper government notes from Japan. This paper will clarify the specific manufacturing method of the bills and other issues imported from Japan by Zhang Zhidong.研究ノー

Shandong province introduced paper currency made in Japan during Late Qing Dynasty

Since middle 19th century, the secluded China was forced to be open to the outside world due to trading with foreign countries, as a result, China\u27s feudal coinage evolved gradually into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal system. In this period, significant outflow of China\u27s silver currency accounted for silver price surge, besides, foreign silver dollars streamed into China, which damaged badly the old silver system. At the same time, because of production shortage of copper in Yunnan Province and lead in Guizhou Province, the price of imported copper was high, which resulted in insufficiency of copper-made official currency, and then the private currency flooded into the market. At that time, silver, silver dollars, copper dollars, official currency and private currency were all in circulation, thus putting China\u27s currency market in an unprecedented chaos, which stunted seriously the economic growth across the country. Therefore, local governors led by Zhang Zhidong, General Governor of Hunan and Hubei Provinces, attempted to issue banknotes to address the worsening local finance. However, as then printing technologies were limited, counterfeit banknotes appeared frequently, Governor Zhang decided to introduce Japan-made banknotes into China. Thereafter, ministers like Yuan shikai followed his step. Shandong Provinces commissioned Japanese Government Printing Bureau to produce silver dollar notes in 1901 and 1902 respectively. Those notes were in good circulation in the market, relieving greatly the financial pressure of Shandong Province. Given that, this thesis will discuss in details about Governor Yuan commissioning Japanese Government Printing Bureau and introducing Japan-made banknotes.文部科学省グローバルCOEプログラム 関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠点[東アジアの歴史と動態

Shanghai introduced paper currency made in Japan during Late Qing Dynasty

The Sin Chun Bank of China as first private bank in Shanghai,was founded in Shanghai in 1906. It was initially named as the Sin Chun Savings Bank of China and changed into the Sin Chun Commercial and Savings Bank of China when it operated the commercial bank business afterwards. SCBC is not only a joint-equity bank with remarkable performance but also one of the banks empowered with banknotes issuing right. In the short span of 8-year operation, SCBS had issued the first version as 1907 silver dollar banknote, the second version as 1908 silver dollar banknote, the third version as 1908 silver banknote and the fourth version as 1912 silver dollar banknote. Among which, the first version was printed by Dai Nippon Printing. The paper analyzes and researches on how SCBC introduced the DNP made banknote based on the collected historic profiles.文部科学省グローバルCOEプログラム 関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠点［東アジアの歴史と動態

On the Manufacturing Process of the Raw Paper for Japan-Made Banknotes Introduced by Yuan Shikai

Since the mid 19th century, Opium trading out-flowed China’s silver cash currency and pushed up the price of silver. The Chinese market was also overflowing with foreign silver dollars. As a result of this, numerous unauthorized currencies were introduced into the market due to insufficient coinage. In 1896, Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Hubei and Hunan, introducedbanknotes from Japan in order to address the problem. The imported bills were very popular among the public and became widely circulated. Yuan Shikai was transferred to Shandong as Grand Coordinator in 1903 when the finances there deteriorated. Yuan attempted to improve the situation by issuing banknotes, however, the roughly made banknotes triggered a severe social crisis. Accordingly, following Zhang’s example, Yuan introduced Japanese made banknotes to Shandong Province in 1901 and 1902 respectively. After this successful introduction, Yuan was promoted to Governor-general of Zhili Province and minister in the Northern Warlords Government. He intended to introduce the raw paper used in Japanese made banknotes to Zhili in order to print and issue bills. This paper will discuss Yuan’s introduction of raw paper used in Japanese made banknotes and the process of commissioning Japan’s National PrintingBureau to produce the raw paper.研究ノー

Guangdong province introduced paper currency made in Japan during Late Qing Dynasty

Since middle 19th century, the secluded China was forced to be open to the outside world due to trading with foreign countries, as a result, China\u27s feudal coinage evolved gradually into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal system. In this period，significant outflow of China\u27s silver currency accounted for silver price surge, besides, foreign silver dollars streamed into China, which damaged badly the old silver system. At the same time, At the same time, because of production shortage of copper in Yunnan Province and lead in Guizhou Province, the price of imported copper was high，which resulted in insufficiency of copper-made official currency, and then the private currency flooded into the market. At that time, silver, silver dollars, copper dollars, official currency and private currency were all in circulation, thus putting China\u27s currency market in an unprecedented chaos, which stunted seriously the economic growth across the country. Therefore, local governors led by Zhang Zhidong, General Governor of Hunan and Hubei Provinces, attempted to issue banknotes to address the worsening local finance. However, as then printing technologies were limited, counterfeit banknotes appeared frequently, Governor Zhang decided to introduce Japan-made banknotes into China. Thereafter, ministers like Yuan Shikai and Cen Chunxuan followed his step. Cen Chunxuan, General Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces commissioned Japanese Government Priting Bureau to produce silver dollar notes in 1905 and 1906 respectively. Those notes were in good circulation in the market, relieving greatly the financial pressure of Guangdong Province. Given that, this thesis will discuss in details about Governor Cen commissioning Japanese Government Printing Bureau and introducing Japan-made banknotes.研究ノート文部科学省グローバルCOEプログラム 関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠

Guangxi province introduced Paper Currency made in Japan during Late Qing Dynasty

China\u27s foreign trade began after mid-19th century when China was forced to open its door to the outside world, therefore a great deal of China\u27s silver cash flew out of the country while large quantity of foreign silver dollars flooded into the local market. During the reign of late Qing Dynasty, there was not a united state bank, the central and local governments had the mintages of their own, hence many mints at that time. Many people even coined money in private. Money coined by different provincial governments was not only of varied names, but also of varied qualities. It was even worse for the private coinage, much inferior money was found in the market, resulting in great market disorder. Besides, the insufficient exploitation of copper in Yunnan and lead in Guizhou led to the shortage of copper-made official money, the private money was prevailing in the market which disturbed considerably the economic growth in local markets. Guangxi is the birthplace of the Taiping revolution. During the period from Jintian Uprising in 1851 to Nanjing Occupation in 1864, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom issued several kinds of copper-made coins to fight against the suppression of Qing government, support their military expansion and military expenditure rise. These coins were once circulated in certain parts of Guangxi. Guangdong is China\u27s gate to the outside world, the foreign money flew into many provinces unexpectedly. As a neighbor, Guangxi was inevitably impacted by various money circulated in Guangdong. In 1906, Zhang Mingqi, Governor of Guangxi, proposed to follow the Great Britain and Japan to set up official banks and issue banknotes. During this process, Japan Printing Bureau was commissioned to make Japan-version banknotes. In this regard, this paper illustrates Bank of Guangxi\u27s introducing Japan-made banknotes and the process of commissioning Japan Printing Bureau.文部科学省グローバルCOEプログラム 関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠点松浦章教授古稀記念号[研究ノート

On Hunan Province’s Introduction of Japanese Made Paper Currency During the Late Qing Dynasty

During the mid-19th century, the opium trade in China caused a massive out-flow of Qing silver currency, and as a result drove up the silver price. Conversely, the Qing market was brimming with foreign silver dollars. Rising silver prices, coupled with the large amount of foreign silver flooding the Chinese market seriously undermined the old minted silver system. In 1896, Zhang Zhidong （張之洞）, the governor of Hubei and Hunan province, introduced banknotes from Japan in order to address this problem. The imported bills proved very popular among the public, and were circulated widely. In 1902 the Qing government was required to pay an indemnity to the western powers affected by the Boxer rebellion. The monetary situation was tight and the silver coinage was insufficient. Yu Liansan （俞廉三）, the newly appointed governor ofHunan, decided to found the Hunan Currency Bureau by means of issuing official banknotes. The success of Zhang Zhidong in the introduction of Japanese made banknotes in Hubei proved an example for Yu. He ordered banknotes from Japan before the establishment of the Hunan Currency Bureau: the one Yuan silver dollar bill, （「壹圓」銀元票）, one Liang silver bill （「壹両」銀両票）, and the one Chuan Wen official bill （「壹串文」製銭票）. This paper will look at Hunan province’s introduction of Japanese made banknotes, and will illuminate the process behind the commissioning of the Japan National Printing Bureau for the production of these banknotes.東アジアの歴史と動