Lesson Plan, U.S. History, 8th Grade

TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills): 8.6C-Causes and Effects of the Mexican-American War 8.29A- Primary sources on James K. Polk 8.29C-Maps and timeline of the Annexation of Texas, Mexican-American War, & Mexican Cession 4C demonstrate an understanding of the influence of one language and culture on another Lesson objective(s): 1. Students will need to understand the causes of the Mexican-American War 2. Students will need to analyze the dispute of the Texas boundary of Rio Grande River versus Mexico\u27s claim of the Nueces River from Treaty of Velasco. 3. Students will be able to identify political boundaries of the United States, Mexico, Rio Grande River and other geographic locations relevant to Manifest Destiny. Differentiation strategies to meet diverse learner needs: -Special population students will receive visual aids and modified vocabulary to bridge any learning gaps as per ELL strategies, Common Instructional Framework, or Sheltered Instruction or SIOP. -Honors students will be challenge to watch videos or read a primary source document

Prospective PTCTC trial of myeloablative haplo-BMT with posttransplant cyclophosphamide for pediatric acute leukemias

Promising results have been reported for adult patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies undergoing haploidentical bone marrow transplant (haploBMT) with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy). To our knowledge, we report results from the first multicenter trial for pediatric and young adult patients with high-risk acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in the Pediatric Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Consortium. Nine centers performed transplants in 32 patients having acute leukemias or MDS, with myeloablative conditioning (MAC), haploBMT with PTCy, mycophenolate mofetil, and tacrolimus. The median patient age was 12 years. Diagnoses included AML (15), ALL (11), mixed-lineage leukemia (1), and MDS (5). Transplant-related mortality (TRM) at 180 days was 0%. The cumulative incidence (CuI) of grade 2 acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) on day 100 was 13%. No patients developed grades 3-4 aGVHD. The CuI of moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD (cGVHD) at 1 year was 4%. Donor engraftment occurred in 27 patients (84%). Primary graft failures included 3 patients who received suboptimal bone marrow grafts; all successfully engrafted after second transplants. The CuI of relapse at 1 year was 32%, with more relapse among patients MRD positive pre-BMT vs MRD negative. Overall survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 77% and 73%, and event-free survival rate at 1 and 2 years were 68% and 64%. There was no TRM or severe aGVHD, low cGVHD, and favorable relapse and survival rates. This successful pilot trial has led to a phase 3 trial comparing MAC haploBMT vs HLA-matched unrelated donor BMT in the Children\u27s Oncology Group. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02120157

Estudios sobre la transmisión por "moscas blancas" (homoptera: aleyrodidae) de virus asociados con el "cuero de sapo" en yuca (manihot esculenta crantz)

Estudios realizados en la zona endémica al "cuero de sapo" (Quilcacé, Cauca), encaminados a determinar la presencia de vectores de la enfermedad mostraron la existencia de dos virus asociados con "moscas blancas". El primero denominado "agente mosaico" fue transmitido por Bemisia tuberculata, el segundo asintomático, por Aleurotrachelus socialis. El 3.3% de la población de B. tuberculata utilizada transmitió el "agente mosaico" al clón M Col 2063 (Secundina) y no a M Col 113: el 2.4 % de A. socialis transmitió el asintomático al clón Secundina y el 4.7% a M Col 113. El "agente mosaico", no fue identificado, pero si se demostró que el asintomático presente era CsXV; este sería el primer registro de un potexvirus transmitido por "moscas blancas". El papel de los dos virus en la etiología del “cuero de sapo” continúa en estudio.Whiteflies collected from a frogskin infested field in Quilcacé (Cauca) were caged individually on M Col 2063 (Secundina) and M Col 113 plants. It was possible to identify the species (Aleurotrachelus socialis, Trialeurodes variabilis and Bemisia tuberculata) from pupae present on over 50% of the plants. A. socialis was found most f frequently and B. tuberculata the least com mom of the species. A. socialis was associated with the transmission of both CsXV and a serologically related strain, identified on the basis of symptoms produced on Nicotiana bentamiana, B. tuberculata was associated with the transmission of a mosaic agent to Secundina. The identify of the mosaic agent is unknown

CNVs in the 22q11.2 chromosomal region should be an early suspect in infants with congenital cardiac disease

Q2Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformation, it is frequently found as an isolated defect, and the etiology is not completely understood. Although most of the cases have multifactorial causes, they can also be secondary to chromosomal abnormalities, monogenic diseases, microduplications or microdeletions, among others. Copy number variations (CNVs) at 22q11.2 are associated with a variety of symptoms including CHD, thymic aplasia, and developmental and behavioral manifestations. We tested CNVs in the 22q11.2 chromosomal region by MLPA in a cohort of Colombian patients with isolated CHD to establish the frequency of these CNVs in the cohort. Methods: CNVs analysis of 22q11.2 by MLPA were performed in 32 patients with apparently isolate CHD during the neonatal period. Participants were enrolled from different hospitals in Bogotá, and they underwent a clinical assessment by a cardiologist and a clinical geneticist. Results: CNVs in the 22q11.2 chromosomal region were found in 7 patients (21.9%). The typical deletion was found in 6 patients (18.75%) and atypical 1.5 Mb duplication was found in 1 patient (3.1%). Conclusions: CNVs in 22q11.2 is a common finding in patients presenting with isolated congenital cardiac disease, therefore these patients should be tested early despite the absence of other clinical manifestations. MLPA is a very useful molecular method and provides an accurate diagnosis.Revista Internacional - Indexad

Revalorización de la arquitectura vernácula: módulo de vivienda para una comunidad asháninka de Alto Kamonashiarii

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26439/limaq2021.n007.5185 The introduction of contemporary construction techniques and materials in native communities generates a distortion of their identity that affects the acceptance and use of local vernacular techniques. This article presents an experience that revalues ​​and analyzes vernacular architecture, obtained through the development of a housing module for an Ashaninka community in Alto Kamonashiarii in Satipo, carried out by the Sustainable Architecture Study Circle (CEAS) of the University of Lima.DOI: https://doi.org/10.26439/limaq2021.n007.5185 La introducción de técnicas constructivas o materiales contemporáneos en las comunidades nativas genera una distorsión de su identidad que repercute en la aceptación y empleo de las técnicas vernáculas locales. Este artículo presenta una experiencia que revaloriza y analiza la arquitectura vernácula, obtenida mediante el desarrollo de un módulo de vivienda para una comunidad asháninka de Alto Kamonashiarii, en Satipo, realizado por el Círculo de Estudio de Arquitectura Sostenible(CEAS) de la Universidad de Lima

Rotation curve fitting and its fatal attraction to cores in realistically simulated galaxy observations

We study the role of systematic effects in observational studies of the cusp–core problem under the minimum disc approximation using a suite of high-resolution (25-pc softening length) hydrodynamical simulations of dwarf galaxies. We mimic realistic kinematic observations and fit the mock rotation curves with two analytic models commonly used to differentiate cores from cusps in the dark matter distribution. We find that the cored pseudo-isothermal sphere (ISO) model is strongly favoured by the reduced χ_ν^2 of the fits in spite of the fact that our simulations contain cuspy Navarro–Frenk–White profiles (NFW). We show that even idealized measurements of the gas circular motions can lead to the incorrect answer if velocity underestimates induced by pressure support, with a typical size of order ∼5 km s^(−1) in the central kiloparsec, are neglected. Increasing the spatial resolution of the mock observations leads to more misleading results because the inner region, where the effect of pressure support is most significant, is better sampled. Fits to observations with a spatial resolution of 100 pc (2 arcsec at 10 Mpc) favour the ISO model in 78–90 per cent of the cases, while at 800-pc resolution, 41–77 per cent of the galaxies indicate the fictitious presence of a dark matter core. The coefficients of our best-fitting models agree well with those reported in observational studies; therefore, we conclude that NFW haloes cannot be ruled out reliably from this type of analysis

Grain challenge affects systemic and hepatic molecular biomarkers of inflammation, stress, and metabolic responses to a greater extent in Holstein than Jersey cows

Long-term feeding of high-grain diets to dairy cows often results in systemic inflammation characterized by alterations in acute-phase proteins and other biomarkers, both in plasma and immune-responsive tissues like the liver. The molecular and systemic changes that characterize an acute grain feeding challenge remain unclear. The current study involved 6 Holstein and 6 Jersey cows in a replicated 2 × 2 Latin square. Periods (10 d) were divided into 4 stages (S): S1, d 1 to 3, served as baseline with total mixed ration (TMR) ad libitum; S2, d 4, served as restricted feeding, with cows offered 50% of the average daily intake observed in S1; S3, d 5, a grain challenge was performed, in which cows were fed a TMR ad libitum without (CON) or with an additional pellet wheat-barley (1:1; HIG) at 20% of dry matter intake top-dressed onto the TMR; S4, d 6 to 10, served as recovery during which cows were allowed ad libitum access to the TMR. Among the 28 biomarkers analyzed in blood 12 h after grain challenge on d 5, the concentrations of fatty acids and bilirubin increased in HIG Holstein but not Jersey cows. In Holsteins, feeding HIG also increased total protein and albumin while decreasing ceruloplasmin, myeloperoxidase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. At the molecular level, hepatic genes associated with inflammation (IL1B, IL6, TNF, TLR4, MYD88, and NFKB1) were upregulated in Holstein cows fed HIG versus CON. Despite such response, expression of the acute-phase proteins SAA and HP in Holsteins fed HIG compared with CON was markedly downregulated. In Holsteins fed HIG versus CON, the marked downregulation of SCD, ELOVL6, and MTTP along with upregulated CPT1A, ACOX1, and APOA5 indicated alterations in fatty acid and lipoprotein metabolism during grain challenge. Genes related to ketogenesis (HMGCS2 and ACAT1) were upregulated in Jerseys, and gluconeogenic genes (PDK4 and PCK1) were upregulated in Holstein cows fed HIG, suggesting alterations in ketone body and glucose production. Expression of phosphorylated p70S6K1, RPS6, and 4EBP1 proteins, as well as total mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein, decreased in Holsteins fed HIG, whereas phosphorylated mTOR and 4EBP1 proteins increased in Jerseys fed HIG. From a metabolic and inflammatory biomarker standpoint, data indicate that Jersey cows better tolerated the acute grain challenge. Alterations in mTOR signaling proteins in both Jerseys and Holsteins fed HIG suggest a potential role for exogenous AA in the hepatic adaptations to grain challenge. It remains to be determined if these acute responses to a grain challenge can elicit long-term liver dysfunction, which could negatively affect welfare of the cow

The tomato mutant ars1 (altered response to salt stress 1) identifies an R1-type MYB transcription factor involved in stomatal closure under salt acclimation

[EN] A screening under salt stress conditions of a T-DNA mutant collection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) led to the identification of the altered response to salt stress 1 (ars1) mutant, which showed a salt-sensitive phenotype. Genetic analysis of the ars1 mutation revealed that a single T-DNA insertion in the ARS1 gene was responsible of the mutant phenotype. ARS1 coded for an R1-MYB type transcription factor and its expression was induced by salinity in leaves. The mutant reduced fruit yield under salt acclimation while in the absence of stress the disruption of ARS1 did not affect this agronomic trait. The stomatal behaviour of ars1 mutant leaves induced higher Na+ accumulation via the transpiration stream, as the decreases of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate induced by salt stress were markedly lower in the mutant plants. Moreover, the mutation affected stomatal closure in a response mediated by abscisic acid (ABA). The characterization of tomato transgenic lines silencing and overexpressing ARS1 corroborates the role of the gene in regulating the water loss via transpiration under salinity. Together, our results show that ARS1 tomato gene contributes to reduce transpirational water loss under salt stress. Finally, this gene could be interesting for tomato molecular breeding, because its manipulation could lead to improved stress tolerance without yield penalty under optimal culture conditions.This work was funded by a research project (AGL2012-40150-C01/C02/C03) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO). This work was also supported by grant RYC2010-06369 (Ramon y Cajal Programme) from the MINECO to NF-G and grant E-30-2011-0443170 (JAE-Doc Programme) from the Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC) to IE and BP. The authors have no conflict of interests to declareCampos, JF.; Cara, B.; Perez-Martin, F.; Pineda Chaza, BJ.; Egea, I.; Flores, FB.; Fernandez-Garcia, N.... (2016). The tomato mutant ars1 (altered response to salt stress 1) identifies an R1-type MYB transcription factor involved in stomatal closure under salt acclimation. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 14(6):1345-1356. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.124981345135614