3 research outputs found
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MICRONUTRIENTS, INFLAMMATION AND DEPRESSION AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY 2005-2008
Depression is the leading cause of disease burden among women. Recent evidence indicates that inflammation is associated with depression, and factors that contribute to inflammation can be addressed through nutritional and lifestyle interventions. Vitamins B6 and D have been linked with depression and have established roles in inflammation, yet their associations with depression in the presence of low-grade inflammation remain unknown. The purpose of this research was to investigate how high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, contributes to different dimensions of depression and to determine to what degree inflammation affects the association between vitamins B6 and D and depression symptoms among women. We carried out a secondary data analysis of non-pregnant women ages 18-44 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008. Depression scores were calculated based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and categorized into total depression, somatic depression and non-somatic depression. High depression score (PHQ-9≥10) use was also used as an outcome, as well as individual symptoms of depression. Hs-CRP was associated with higher depression scores among underweight women (B6, as serum pyridoxal-5\u27phosphate (PLP), was categorized as deficient (\u3c20nmol/L), insufficient (20-29.9nmol/L) or normal (≥30nmol/L). Among those with moderate inflammation (hs-CRP 3-10mg/L), the prevalence of high depression score was highest among women with vitamin B6 deficiency (20%), followed by those with insufficiency (10%) and those with normal B6 status (5%; p-trend=0.02). In multivariable models, vitamin B6 \u3c30nmol/L was associated with higher odds of experiencing suicidal ideation (OR: 7.33, p=0.01 and OR: 3.5, p=0.06 for B6 deficiency and insufficiency, respectively) and depressed mood (OR: 3.12, p=0.004 for B6 insufficiency). Suboptimal vitamin D concentration (\u3c75nmol/L) was significantly associated with higher odds for depression among women who had elevated CRP (OR: 6.55, p=0.02 and OR: 9.54, p=0.001 for 25-OHD\u3c75nmol/L and 25-OHD\u3c50nmol/L, respectively). Together, the results of these studies suggest that inflammation may be interacting with micronutrient deficiencies, and contributing to different symptoms or severities of depression. Nutritional and lifestyle interventions that reduce inflammation could be used to prevent or treat depression among women of reproductive age
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Iron Status, Inflammation and Anemia in Bangladeshi Women Exposed to Arsenic
Iron depletion (ID) is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide and is the leading cause of anemia. Chronic arsenic (As) exposure is a major public health problem in Bangladesh and triggers inflammatory responses that render iron status assessment challenging. We assessed the prevalence of ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in 147 arsenic-exposed Bangladeshi women (75 skin lesion cases; 72 controls), ages 18-33 years, who were part of a skin lesion study. Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured in whole blood; ferritin and hs-c-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in serum. The prevalence of anemia (Hb\u3c120g/L) was 18%. Although the prevalence of ID (ferritin≤12mcg/L) did not differ between cases and controls, anemia was more common among cases (25% vs. 10%; p=0.02). Of anemic women, 27% (N=7) also had ID (Hb\u3c120g/L and ferritin≤12mcg/L), indicating IDA. Women with normal iron status had higher toenail arsenic compared to iron-depleted women (2.9 vs 1.4 µg As/g toenail; p=0.00), and their water arsenic concentration was higher than that of iron-depleted women (18.8 vs 6.2 µg As/L; p=0.03); every 1µg increase in toenail As was associated with a 45% lowered risk of ID (OR=0.55, 95%CI=0.33,0.94). Much of the anemia in this cohort appears unrelated to ID, but could be linked to other nutrients, such as folate and vitamin B12, which are involved in both hematopoiesis and arsenic metabolism. It is possible that arsenic exposure in this cohort compromised folate and vitamin B12 status