42 research outputs found
Exportação de democracia na polĂtica externa norte-americana no pĂłs-Guerra-Fria: doutrinas e o uso da força Exporting of democracy in American foreign policy in the post-Cold War period: the doctrine and the use of force
O artigo analisa os pilares da polĂtica externa americana no pĂłs-guerra fria, mirando o lugar que ai ocupa democracia e sua relação com segurança. Busca-se mais especificamente as bases da doutrina da polĂtica externa que justificam a exportação de democracia pelo uso da força. Utilizou-se a anĂĄlise de conteĂșdo quantitativa e qualitativa de 415 discursos dos Presidentes e SecretĂĄrios de Estado entre 1989 e 2008.<br>The article analyses the pillars of the American foreign policy in the post-cold war period, focusing on the importance democracy vis-Ă -vis security plays in it as well as their relationship. More specifically the work aims to define the bases of the doctrine of the foreign policy that justify exporting democracy by the use of force. It was used quantitative and qualitative content analysis of 414 speeches of the Presidents and Secretaries of States in the period 1989-2008
Der Fall Russland: Korruption als Kollateralschaden der Transformation?
Der Mainstream der Korruptionsforschung schreibt das hohe AusmaĂ an Korruption im postkommunistischen Russland dem Design und der Umsetzung der Marktreformen seit Anfang der 90er Jahre zu. TatsĂ€chlich kann die Zunahme von Bestechung den Turbulenzen des Ăbergangs plausibel zugerechnet werden. Erweitert man die Betrachtung jedoch um die klientelistisch regulierte âparochiale Korruptionâ, dann ist zwar deren Weiterexistenz den MĂ€ngeln der Reformpolitik anzulasten, nicht aber ihre Ursache. Diese liegt vielmehr in der unvollstĂ€ndigen Ausdifferenzierung der SphĂ€ren âPolitikâ und âWirtschaftâ. Die Verflechtung beider Bereiche hat in Russland eine lange Tradition, die durch die Reformen bisher nicht gebrochen wurde und sich in jĂŒngster Zeit wieder verstĂ€rkt hat. Die Aussichten erfolgreicher KorruptionsbekĂ€mpfung mĂŒssen deshalb auch unter der demokratietheoretischen Perspektive des VerhĂ€ltnisses von Staat und Gesellschaft bewertet werden: Angesichts der neoautoritĂ€ren Rekonstituierungstendenzen des russischen Staates unter Putin stehen sie unter UmstĂ€nden gĂŒnstig fĂŒr die EindĂ€mmung marktförmiger, nicht aber parochialer Korruption.
Abstract
Corruption economics usually attributes the pervasiveness of corruption in post-communist Russia to the shortcomings of market reforms. While this seems to be an adequate explanation of the dramatic increase of monetarized corruption during transition, it misses the other side of the coin: In addition to âmarket corruptionâ Russia is plagued by clientelistic âparochial corruptionâ, a consequence of the incomplete separation between political and economic spheres. Not eliminated during the early 1990s, this intertwining of business and politics has been reinforced during the last few years, accompanied by increasing levels of parochial corruption. Hence, combating corruption of both forms needs more than merely anti-corruption strategies, namely the redefinition of relationships between state and society as cornerstone of democratic institution-building. While Putin's neo-authoritarian reconstitution of the Russian state actually may yield effective campaigns against market corruption, the prospects to contain parochial corruption remain rather bleak