Determination of New IR and UV/VIS Spectroscopic Parameters of the C-84-D-2:22 Isomer for Its Quantitative Assessment, Identification and Possible Applications

The stable isomers of the higher fullerenes C-76-D-2 and C-84-D-2:22, as well as fullerenes C-60 and C-70 were isolated from carbon soot by the new and improved extraction and chromatographic methods and processes. Characterizations of the C-84-D-2:22 isomer in this study were performed by infrared and electronic absorption spectroscopy. All of the experimentally observed IR and UV/VIS bands were in excellent agreement with the semi-empirical, DFT and TB potential theoretical calculations for this molecule. The molar extinction coefficients and the integrated molar extinction coefficients of the observed larger number of completely separated infrared absorption maxima and shoulders of fullerene C-84-D-2:22, as well as of its main convoluted maxima, in different and new relevant entire integration ranges, including neighboring, and all surrounding absorption shoulders were determined and their relative intensities compared. In addition, the molar absorptivity of the electronic absorption bands of this carbon cluster was found. The new IR and UV/VIS spectroscopic parameters that are significant for the quantitative determination, identification and numerous possible applications of C-84-D-2:22 are obtained and their changes compared to C-76-D-2 observed. Isolated and characterized C-84-D-2:22, as well as other fullerenes from this research can be used in electronic, optical, chemical and biomedical devices, superconductors, semiconductors, batteries, catalysts, polymers, sensors, solar cells, nanophotonic lenses with better optical transmission, refraction and wettability, diagnostic and therapeutic pharmaceutical substances, such as those against diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, free radical scavenging, radio nuclear, antibacterial and antiviral agents that can inhibit HIV 1, HSV, COVID-19, influenza, malaria and so forth

Determination of New IR and UV/VIS Spectroscopic Parameters of the C-84-D-2:22 Isomer for Its Quantitative Assessment, Identification and Possible Applications

The stable isomers of the higher fullerenes C-76-D-2 and C-84-D-2:22, as well as fullerenes C-60 and C-70 were isolated from carbon soot by the new and improved extraction and chromatographic methods and processes. Characterizations of the C-84-D-2:22 isomer in this study were performed by infrared and electronic absorption spectroscopy. All of the experimentally observed IR and UV/VIS bands were in excellent agreement with the semi-empirical, DFT and TB potential theoretical calculations for this molecule. The molar extinction coefficients and the integrated molar extinction coefficients of the observed larger number of completely separated infrared absorption maxima and shoulders of fullerene C-84-D-2:22, as well as of its main convoluted maxima, in different and new relevant entire integration ranges, including neighboring, and all surrounding absorption shoulders were determined and their relative intensities compared. In addition, the molar absorptivity of the electronic absorption bands of this carbon cluster was found. The new IR and UV/VIS spectroscopic parameters that are significant for the quantitative determination, identification and numerous possible applications of C-84-D-2:22 are obtained and their changes compared to C-76-D-2 observed. Isolated and characterized C-84-D-2:22, as well as other fullerenes from this research can be used in electronic, optical, chemical and biomedical devices, superconductors, semiconductors, batteries, catalysts, polymers, sensors, solar cells, nanophotonic lenses with better optical transmission, refraction and wettability, diagnostic and therapeutic pharmaceutical substances, such as those against diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, free radical scavenging, radio nuclear, antibacterial and antiviral agents that can inhibit HIV 1, HSV, COVID-19, influenza, malaria and so forth

Physical health of individuals with psychosis - a mixed method study

People with psychosis have poorer physical health than the general population and this aspect of care delivery has largely been neglected. The IMPULSE trial (ISRCTN 11913964) investigated a psychosocial intervention prompting people with psychosis to discuss their physical health concerns with mental health clinicians. This mixed-method study explored a series of clinical meetings over 6 months to understand how physical health is discussed, what actions are taken, and if these translated into benefits for the participating individuals with psychosis. 221 individuals with psychosis were included, attending 847 clinical meetings over 6 months. Results show that, when prompted, most participants (54%) took up the opportunity to discuss their physical health at least once. These individuals were keen to make changes such as adopt healthy diet, stop smoking, lose weight, etc. Despite taking steps to achieve these goals, after 6 months no improvement was detected in subjective satisfaction with physical health, severity of physical health problems or satisfaction with services. Adopting healthier lifestyle behaviours is difficult even in motivated individuals. Future research is needed to determine innovative approaches to promote lifestyle change in individuals with psychosis

Review of the article The Effects of Aqueous Extract of Garlic on Bacterial Keratitis, verified by Publons, Web of Science

The use of Allium Sativum (garlic) for the treatment of various microbial infections of the human body has been an age long practice. However very little is known about the effectiveness of garlic extracts in the treatment of ocular bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of aqueous garlic extracts against bacterial infections of the cornea in albino rats. For this study, two strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Psuedomonas aeruginosa were used to as the bacterial organisms. The study was carried out both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro study involved the measurement of zones of inhibition of the garlic extract on the bacterial organisms and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the aqueous garlic extract to the two bacterial organisms. The in vivo study involved the infection of the corneas of forty albino rats with the microorganisms. Two concentrations of the aqueous garlic; 113mg/ml and 56.5mg/ml were used and compared to 0.3% Ciprofloxacin eye drop. The treatment lasted for a period of ten days and until the infection was resolved. Colony counts were taken after each day of treatment for the period of ten days. The data obtained was analysed using the Analysis of Variance at a significance level of P<0.05 and tested against the research hypothesis. From the results, it was discovered that the two concentrations of the aqueous garlic extracts were effective in treating the keratitis caused by the two microorganisms. However when they were compared to 0.3% Ciprofloxacin eye drop, it was noticed that the Ciprofloxacin was more effective in treating the microbial keratitis than the aqueous garlic extracts

Review of the article „Enhanced oral bioavailability of Ibrutinib encapsulated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles: Pharmacokinetic evaluation in rats“, verified by Publons, Web of Science

Abstract Background: The poor oral bioavailability of newly discovered chemical entities and marketed formulations are usually related with poor aqueous solubility or poor permeability, leading to failure of drug either in drug development phases or therapeutic failure in clinical setting. However, advancement in drug formulations and drug delivery technologies has enabled the scientists to improve the bioavailability of formulations by enhancing solubility or permeability. Objective: This study reports the enhancement of oral bioavailability of ibrutinib (IBR), a poorly soluble anticancer drug in Wistar Albino rats. Method: Ibrutinib loaded nanoparticles were formulated by nanoprecipitation method by utilizing poly lactide co-glycolide (PLGA) as a safe biodegradable and biocompatible polymer and poloxamer or pluronic 127 as stabilizer. Animals were administered with 10 mg/kg of IBR suspension or equivalent amount of IBR loaded nanoparticles. Plasma samples were extracted and analyzed by state of the art UPLC-MS/MS technique. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and bioavailability were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. Results: There was approximately 4.2-fold enhancement in the oral bioavailability of ibrutinib-loaded nanoparticles as compared with pure ibrutinib suspension. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax; 574.31 ± 56.20 Vs 146.34 ± 5.37 ng/mL) and exposure (AUC; 2291.65 ± 263.83 Vs 544.75 ± 48.33 ng* h/mL) of ibrutinib loaded nanoparticles were significantly higher than those exhibited by pure ibrutinib suspension. Conclusion: The outcomes of present study suggested the potential of PLGA nanoparticles in the enhancement of in bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of ibrutinib

Review of the article „Matrine-Family Alkaloids: Versatile Precursors for Bioactive Modifications“, verified by Publons, Web of Science

Abstract: Matrine-family alkaloids as tetracycloquinolizindine analogues from tradition chinese medicine Sophora flavescens Ait, Sophora subprostrata and Sophora alopecuroides L possess various pharmacological activities and have been aroused great interests over the past decades. Especially, plenties of derivatives from matrine-family alkaloids have been synthesized and investigated for their biological activities and encouraging results have continuously acheived in recent several years. These studies are helpful to develop more potent candidates or therapeutic agents and disclose their molecular targets and mechanisms. This review mainly introduces recent advances on the bioactive modifications of matrine-family alkaloids from derivatization at the C-13, C-14 or C-15 position, opening D ring and derivatization, fusing D ring and derivatization and structural simplification based on matrine-family alkaloids

Review of the article „Crystal Transition and Drug-excipient Compatibility of the Clarithromycin in Sustained Release Tablets“, verified by Publons, Web of Science

Abstract: Background: Clarithromycin is widely used for infections of helicobacter pylori. It shows polymorphic. Crystalline state changes of clarithromycin in sustained release tablets was found. Objective: To find the influential factor of the crystal transition of clarithromycin in preparation process of sustained release tablets and to investigate the possible interactions between the clarithromycin and pharmaceutical excipients. Method and Results: The crystal transition of active pharmaceuticals ingredients from form Ⅱ to form Ⅰ in portion in clarithromycin sustained release tablets were confirmed by x-ray powder diffraction. The techniques including differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy, xray powder diffraction were used for assessing the compatibility between clarithromycin and several excipients as: magnesium stearate, lactose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone K- 30 and microcrystalline cellulose. All of these methods showed compatibilities between clarithromycin and the selected excipients. Alcohol prescription simulation was also one, which showed incompatibility between clarithromycin and concentration alcohol. onclusion: The reason of crystal transition that clarithromycin incompatibility with not less than 85% concentration alcohol was confirmed

Review of the article „Comparative Study of Different Derivative Spectrophotometric Techniques for Analysis and Separation of Metformin, Empagliflozin, and Glimepiride“, verified by Publons, Web of Science

Mean centering, double divisor, ratio spectra-zero crossing, and successive derivative were applied for estimation of metformin, empagliflozin, and glimepiride in the concentration range of 1.0-10, 2.5-30, and 1.0-10 μgmL-1, respectively in their prepared laboratory mixtures and in pharmaceutical tablets, without prior chemical separation. In some cases, lifestyle changes aren’t enough to keep type 2 diabetes under control, there are several medications that may help. Metformin, can lower your blood sugar levels. Glimepiride, make more insulin. Empagliflozin, prevent the kidneys from reabsorbing sugar into the blood and sending it out in urine. The absorption spectra of these drugs were recorded in the range of 200-400nm, mean centering for metformin were measured at 232 and 244 nm, empagliflozin and glimepiride had amplitude values at 262 and 278nm, respectively. The derivative of double divisor was measured at 234, 278, and 288nm for metformin, empagliflozine and glimepiride, respectively. The ratio spectrazero crossing were quantifying at the amplitude values of analytical signal at 234 and 274nm for metformin and empagliflozine, respectively, whereas glimepiride was determined at 242 and 286nm. The successive ratio of metformin, empagliflozin, and glimepiride were determined at 284, 242, and 266nm, respectively. The methods were studies and optimized, upon the validation linearity, precision, accuracy LOD, LOQ and selectivity were proved to be effective for analysis of the mentioned drugs in pharmaceutical dosage form. Statistical comparison done between the proposed methods with the reported methods with respect to accuracy and precision no significant difference was found by student’s t-test, F-test and one-way ANOVA

Review of the article „Synthesis, Antiviral Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Azo Compounds“, verified by Publons, Web of Science

Owing to the versatile and promising bioactive potential of azo dyes, the present study describes the synthesis, antiviral evaluation and molecular docking study of most potent compound of azo series. The synthesis of title compounds was done by the coupling reaction of diazonium salt solutions with active methylene (1,3-dioxolane and benzimidazole), to yield [(E)-1-(1,3–dioxolan-2-yl)-2- phenyldiazene] (1), [(E)-1-(1,3–dioxolan-2-yl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)diazene] (2), 2-[(E)- phenyldiazenyl]-1H-benzimidazole] (3) , [(E)-1-(1,3–dioxolan-2-yl)-2-(4-ethyl-phenyl)diazene] (4) and [(E)-1-(1,3–dioxolan-2-yl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)diazene] (5). The structures of newly synthesized molecules were determined by computer-aided 1H and 13C NMR analysis. The In Ovo evaluation of compounds against avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 strain and newcastle disease virus (NDV) Lasota strain was done, results suggested that azo compound (5) exhibited highest anti-AIV and anti-NDV activity (100% inhibition at 0.1 mg/100 μL) compared to the other azo compounds which showed less activity at given concentration. Docking study further suggested that azo ligand (5) binds with the active site residues of viral proteins with good binding affinity (-6.9 and -8.0 kcal/mol) compared to the standard oseltamivir. Hence, based on this investigation, it was inferred that azo compound (5) may serve as a novel scaffold for designing more active antiviral agents

Review of the article „POM Analyses of Carbacylamidophosphates and Sulfanylamidophosphates Tested as New Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors“, verified by Publons, Web of Science

Abstract: Six representatives of the amidophosphate derivatives (L1-L6) were synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities against carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Out of the six derivatives, L1 (IC50 = 12.5 ± 1.35 μM), and L2 (IC50 = 3.12 ± 0.45 μM) showed potent activity against BCA-II, whereas (L3, L4 and L5) showed weak inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 24.5 ± 2.25, 24.5 ± 2.25, 55.5± 1.60, and 75.5 ± 1.25 μM respectively. They were found to be weak inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase as compared to acetazolamide (IC50 =0.12 ± 0.03 μM) which was used as standard inhibitor. All physic-chemical parameters were derived from the computational Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration/DFT (POM/DFT) model. They govern the bioactivity amidophosphate derivatives (L1-L6) which contain O,Opharmacophore site. The six compounds (L1-L6) analyzed here were previously screened experimentally and now screened virtually for their anti-carbonic anhydrase activity. The highest anti-carbonic anhydrase activity was obtained for compound L2 which exhibited excellent bioactivity (% inhibition = 95%) when compared to acetazolamide (% inhibition = 89%). The compound L3 represents an increased activity as compared to its analogues (L4- L6). The increase of bioactivity from L3 to L4-L6 could be attributed to the existence of minimum steric effect of substituents of P=O moiety which plays a crucial template role in the organization of anti-carbonic anhydrase O,O-phramacophore sites. Moreover, it is cheap, leading to fewer side effects and is possible to be included in selective anti-carbonic anhydrase agents design