Antimicrobial effects of chlorhexidine, matrica drop mouthwash (chamomile extract), and normal saline on hospitalized patients with endotracheal tubes

Background: The functions and use of mouthwashes are variable depending on their type. Oral care in patients with endotracheal tubes is important to prevent side effects such as pneumonia. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effects of chlorhexidine, drop of Matrica mouthwash (chamomile extract), and normal saline on hospitalized patients with endotracheal tube in an intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 39 patients admitted to the ICU were selected by convenience sampling, were matched based on age and sex, and randomly assigned to three groups (chlorhexidine, Matrica, saline). Mouth washing was performed every 8 to 48 hours. The samples were taken at time zero (before the intervention) and 48 hours after the intervention for bacterial culture. Antibacterial activity of each mouthwash on microorganisms was measured based on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pneumococcal, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and Escherichia coli. The obtained data were then analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Package version 18. Results: Chlorhexidine mouthwash was more effective in preventing colonization of bacteria in the mouth (point probability = 0.06) in comparison with chamomile and saline mouthwashes. Nevertheless, none of the tested mouthwashes were able to remove pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Acinetobacter. Conclusions: 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash has a significant effect on the bacterial colonization rate in comparison with Matrica and normal saline mouthwashes in ICU hospitalized patients with endotracheal tube

تجربیات زیسته یک مادر دارای کودک مبتلا به سندرم وردینگ هافمن: مطالعه موردی کیفی The Lived Experiences of the Mother of a Child with Werdnig-Hoffman Syndrome: A Qualitative Case Study

مقدمه: سندوم وردینگ هافمن جزء بیماری‌های تحلیل برنده و پیش‌رونده عصبی- نخاعی محسوب می‌شود که به صورت اتوزومی نهفته به ارث می‌رس

Tendency to Hookah among Adolescents in Kurdkoy City

Background and Objective: Nowadays, smoking is a widespread health problem in the world. Hookah smoking is common in many countries, especially in the Middle East and Africa. This study aimed to investigate the causes of hookah smoking in adolescents in Kurdkoy, 2013. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 266 teenagers selected via multi stage sampling. The questionnaires were distributed among the people who were present at the Coffeehouses and the results were reported by descriptive statistics. Results: The results showed that 51.5% of the participants said they use Hookah every day. The reasons were pastime (56.4), unemployment (41.7), Pleasant feeling (33.8), being with friends (33.5), fatigue reduction (33.5) and the availability of hookah (32.3). Conclusion: To minimize the tendency to Hookah smoking, we recommend planning some activities for leisure time, "learning to say no" and training how to reduce anxiety and fatigue

A patient with neurofibroma (schwannoma) in peri-sacral: A case report

Schwannomas are benign tumors of the nerve sheath and are usually single encapsulated and slow growing in peripheral or sympathetic nervous system. In this report a 49 year-old man is presented with one year complain of abdominal pain and intermittent hematospermia. The CT scan of the abdomen showed a 60 × 65 × 60 mm mass in anterior pelvic cavity with deviation to the sacral bone, originated from nerve. Several examinations revealed neurofibroma. Due to the large size of the tumor and it's position to the pelvic nerves, to remove the mass the patient only underwent laparotomy with partial resection. Pathology tests confirmed Ancient Schwannoma with degenerative changes. Radiotherapy was done with the aim of reducing the size of the rest of tumor. In our case, schwannoma was diagnosed incidentally. The size of the tumor indicated a relatively long period from the time that tumor was generated until the time of diagnosis. Despite using paraclinical findings, a definite diagnosis of the disease was made by histopathological tests. © 2015, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

The process of implementing teaching methods "team-based learning" research methods course for nursing students of in Golestan University of Medical Sciences, IRAN فرایند تدوین، ساماندهی و اجرای روش تدریس "یادگیری مبتنی بر تیم "در درس روش تحقیق دانشجویان پرستاری دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گلستان

فرایند تدوین، ساماندهی و اجرای روش تدریس "یادگیری مبتنی بر تیم "در درس روش تحقیق دانشجویان پرستاری دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گلستا

مطالعه پديدارشناسي تجربه يائسگي زنان ترکمن

مقدمه: یائسگی، یک پدیده پیچیده دوران میانسالی است که شامل ابعاد جسمی، روانی و اجتماعی می باشد. اگر چه این پدیده، رویدادی زیستی است، اما معانی اجتماعی مرتبط به آن است که تعیین می کند چگونه یک زن، واقعیت چنین رویدادی را درک و تفسیر کند. درک زنان از این دوران انتقال، بستگی به هنجارهای فرهنگی، عوامل اجتماعی و دانش فردی درباره یائسگی دارد. این مطالعه پدیدارشناسی به منظور تبیین تجربه یائسگی زنان قومیت ترکمن انجام شد. روشکار: این مطالعه کیفی پدیدارشناسی در سال 1131 بر روی 54 زن ترکمن ساکن بندر ترکمن، آق قلا و گنبد در استان گلستان که تجربه یائسگی به صورت طبیعی داشتند، انجام شد. جهت گردآوری داده ها از مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار استفاده شد. تمام داده ها ضبط و دست نویس و با رویکرد "پدیدارشناسی ون منن" مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. يافتهها: از آنالیز داده ها پنج مضمون اصلی "آمادگی برای یائسگی، رهایی از قفس، سبک و سنگین کردن، باورها و احساسات، درمان های خانگی" که تبیین کننده تجربیات زیستی زنان ترکمن از یائسگی است، استخراج شد. احساس راحتی برای عبادت، تمیزی و پاکی، کاهش درد و رنج، نداشتن دغدغه بارداری، تقدیر الهی و ورود به مرحله دیگری از زندگی از مضامین فرعی است که برای توصیف مضامین اصلی به کار می رود. نتیجهگیری: تجربیات زنان ترکمن از یائسگی منحصر به فرد بود. لذا درک پیچیدگی هاای تجربیاات زناان، باورهاا و نگرش ها درباره یائسگی برای ارائه خدمات جامع توسط پرسنل مراقبت بهداشتی ضروری است. کلمات کلیدی: ایران، پدیدارشناسی، زنان ترکمن، یائسگ

Educational Ethics in Academic Environment: Medical Students' Perspectives

Background and Objective: Educational ethics imply values such as honesty, reliance on one's own personal effort, not to abuse the efforts of others, and respect the dignity and respect for others. Students are faced with different situations in which they show various moral and immoral behaviors. This study aimed to explore medical students' viewpoints and experiences at Golestan University of Medical Sciences about ethics in academic environment in 2013. Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study a purposive sampling was used with maximum variation and 12 medical students participated in the research. Data was gathered using semi-structured interviews. At least an open question "When I say ethics in education or educational environment, what comes to your mind" was repeated in all the interviews. The interviews recorded and transcribed line by line and then analyzed according to "conventional content analysis" method. Results: "Respecting teacher dignity", "preserving dignity of classroom", "respecting and maintaining dignity for classmates", "seeking for knowledge and sciences” emerged as the main themes of the current study. Conclusion: University students considered learning environment as a sacred place; conforming its expected rules and ethics would be mandatory. Abnormal behavior causes not only loss of students dignity but also could be harmful to the calmness of educational atmosphere and may evoke different unpleasant pessimistic ideas about such academic environment

The sexual activity during pregnancy among a group of Iranian women

Background: Pregnancy is the best time in a woman's life. Hormonal and physiological changes influence women's well-being, mood, and sexual behavior. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore women's sexual behavior during pregnancy. Method: Open-ended interviews were conducted with pregnant women who were referred to the teaching clinic in Gorgan. All of the interviews were tape recorded. The data were coded and categorized as is usual in qualitative methods. Results: The data were categorized as "low sex desire", "anxious of harmfulness", and "sexual myths". Seventy-three percent of the women reported low libido during pregnancy. Most of the participants changed their coitus positions. Forty-five percent of them preferred the "rear position". None of the women sought counseling or information from a doctor or midwife, due mainly to shyness in talking about sex. Conclusion: Many women experience some problems in their sex life during pregnancy, which can contribute to significant emotional distress. However, women may not seek professional expertise in their attempt to alleviate this condition. It is important to assess the beliefs and experiences of all women, including the pregnant ones. © 2008 Springer-Verlag

Explain the Experiences of Mothers with Breastfeeding Weaning in Referring to the Health Centers in Gorgan (Iran)

Background & Aim: Weaning is a major cause of mothers` concern. The process of weaning is difficult, because of infant separation from mother who is always available and touches and hugs the child. Purpose of the study was to identify and describe criteria used by mothers of young children during weaning process. Material & Methods: In this qualitative content analysis in 2014, using purposeful sampling method the women referred to the health care centers in Gorgan (Northern Iran), were invited to participate. The participants were thirty mothers of children under five years old, who had experiences of breastfeeding and natural weaning. Data were collected by individual semi-structured interviews and stopped when theoretical saturation occurred. The interviews were transcribed line by line, and coded and categorized according conventional qualitative content analysis. Results: Three main themes and eight sub-themes "appropriate time and decision, maternal styles for weaning, mental and physical burden" were emerged from data analysis and explained the experiences of mothers on weaning and the factors related to decision-making in the process. Conclusion: The mothers were motivated for breastfeeding for enough periods. They considered receiving cues from infants for stopping it, then made decision and began weaning according advices of their relatives and traditions. Nursing education always emphasis on breast feeding but have less attention to weaning, so it needs to be considered in health planning. در این مطالعه کیفی از نوع تحلیل محتوا در سال 1393 ،بر اساس نمونهگیری مبتنی بر هدف و مالک اشباع دادهها، 30 مادر مراجعه کننده به مرکز بهداشت شهر گرگان که دارای کودک زیر پنج سال، تجربه شیردهی با پستان و قطع طبیعی شیردهی بودهاند، شرکت نمودند. برای جمعآوری اطالعات از روش مصاحبه انفرادی نیمه ساختارمند تا رسیدن به اشباع دادهها استفاده شد. مصاحبهها خط به خط دست نویس و مطابق رویکرد "تحلیل محتوای مرسوم" کدگذاری و طبقه بندی شدند. یافتهها: از تحلیل دادهها سه مضمون اصلی شامل "موعد مقرر و تصمیمگیری، راهبردهای مادری از شیر گرفتن، فشار روانی- جسمی" با هشت مضمون فرعی استخراج شد که تبیین کننده تجربیات مادران در خصوص از شیر گرفتن و عوامل مرتبط بر تصمیمگیری آنها در این فرآیند بوده اس

The effect of delivery nursing shift at bedside with patient’s partnership on patients’ satisfaction and nurses’ satisfaction, clinical trial, quasi-experimental study.

Background & Aims: Shift-to-Shift Handoff is a strong tool for transferring information about patients’ status and their caring plans. Any disruption of this process can be a precursor to serious error, poor communication in work environment. Bedside shift-to-shift hand off with patient’s cooperation allows the nurses to see and patient, ask questions of the patient and previous nurse and receive instant feedback on questions. This study aimed to determine the impact of bedside nurse-to nurse hand off with patients’ cooperation on patients and nurses’ satisfaction. Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial, quasi-experimental study in 2015, 90 patients and 12 nurses of Intensive Care Unit of Amir-al-Momenin Hospital affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences were participated. The sampling methods for patients and nurses were census respectively. Patients and nurses’ satisfaction before and after the intervention (shift-to-shift hand off with patients partnership), were evaluated by valid and reliable self-designed patients and nurses’ satisfaction’s questionnaires. Results: The mean and standard deviation of total score of patients’ satisfaction before and after the intervention were 59.66±5.64 and 67.06±5.06 respectively (P<0.001). The mean of nurses’ satisfaction from 81.66±7.43 (before intervention) increased to 93.08±59.91 after intervention (P<0.002). In both groups revealed a significant difference. Conclusion: Shift-to-shift hand off with patients’ participation increased the patients and nurses’ satisfaction