Influence of metal exposure on metallothionein synthesis and lipid peroxidation in two bivalve mollusks: the oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and the mussel (Mytilus edulis)

The impact of metals (silver, cadmium, copper, mercury and zinc) on metallothionein (MT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and the mussel (Mytilus edulis) was studied after 4 or 21 days of metal exposure. Moreover, total protein levels were determined. After 4 days of metal exposure, although C. gigas and M. edulis accumulated cadmium and mercury concentrations in the gills and digestive gland, no significant variation of total protein level was occurred. After 21 days of exposure, metals were bioaccumulated in the gills and the digestive gland of both mollusks. A decrease of total protein concentrations in the gills of oysters and the digestive gland of mussels and an increase on metallothionein concentrations in the gills of both mollusks were observed. An increase of MDA levels was noticed for the gills and the digestive gland of mussels exposed for 21 days to either cadmium, silver or mercury whereas a decrease of MDA levels was observed in the gills of the oysters exposed for the same time to the same metals. The levels of proteins, MDA and MT were metal, species or organ dependent.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Les raisons de l'implication ou la non implication des médecins généralistes Mayennais dans les dépistages à travers les dépistages organisés du cancer du sein et du cancer colorectal

Le médecin généraliste tient une place privilégiée dans la proposition et le suivi des dépistages. Cependant, la participation des médecins aux actions de prévention est très inégale. Quels sont les facteurs qui les influencent? Comment intègrent-ils leur vécu dans cette pratique? Quelle place font-ils aux dépistages dans leurs consultations?Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès de quatorze médecins généralistes.Ils sont favorables aux dépistages, même si des réticences ont été signalées comme le sentiment d'exclusion des dépistages organisés et le manque de temps. D'autres facteurs rentrent en compte : son vécu personnel ou professionnel dans les pathologies concernées, sa propre sensibilité pour les actions de prévention, la motivation des patients. Ainsi, le médecin doit composer avec sa personnalité, avec les recommandations médicales et avec la personnalité de chaque patient. Des freins externes rendent le dépistage non prioritaire pour le médecin : charge de travail, ruralité, demandes multiples des patients. A l'inverse, l'exercice en groupe et certaines activités annexes vont le motiver en renforçant sa sensibilité aux dépistages.Dans tous les cas, les médecins considèrent que leur statut de "médecin référent" leur confère un rôle de coordination et de lien humain avec le patient, ce qui nécessite une intégration précoce et totale du généraliste dans ces campagnes préventives.Des améliorations ont été proposées par les médecins : une consultation spécifique aux dépistages, des formations et recommandations adaptées au "terrain" du généraliste, des idées concrètes pour les impliquer dans les programmes de dépistage du cancer du sein et cancer colorectal.ANGERS-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF

ING2 tumor suppressive protein translocates into mitochondria and is involved in cellular metabolism homeostasis

International audienceING2 (Inhibitor of Growth 2) is a tumor suppressor gene that has been implicated in critical biological functions (cell-cycle regulation, replicative senescence, DNA repair and DNA replication), most of which are recognized hallmarks of tumorigenesis occurring in the cell nucleus. As its close homolog ING1 has been recently observed in the mitochondrial compartment, we hypothesized that ING2 could also translocate into the mitochondria and be involved in new biological functions. In the present study, we demonstrate that ING2 is imported in the inner mitochondrial fraction in a redox-sensitive manner in human cells and that this mechanism is modulated by 14-3-3 eta protein expression. Remarkably, ING2 is necessary to maintain mitochondrial ultrastructure integrity without interfering with mitochondrial networks or polarization. We observed an interaction between ING2 and mtDNA under basal conditions. This interaction appears to be mediated by TFAM, a critical regulator of mtDNA integrity. The loss of mitochondrial ING2 does not impair mtDNA repair, replication or transcription but leads to a decrease in mitochondrial ROS production, suggesting a detrimental impact on OXPHOS activity. We finally show using multiple models that ING2 is involved in mitochondrial respiration and that its loss confers a protection against mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibition in vitro. Consequently, we propose a new tumor suppressor role for ING2 protein in the mitochondria as a metabolic shift gatekeeper during tumorigenesis

FreshOmics : A manually curated and standardized –omics database for investigating freshwater microbiomes

International audienceFreshwater is a critical resource for human survival but severely threatened by anthropic activities and climate change. These changes also strongly impact the size and diversity of the microbial communities hosted by freshwater ecosystems while they are key determinants of their functioning thanks to their activities and stability. Although widely documented since the emergence of high-throughput sequencing approaches, the information on these natural microbial communities is scattered amon

Isoform 111 of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF111) improves angiogenesis of ovarian tissue xenotransplantation

peer reviewe

Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to MAIT cell activation and cytotoxicity

International audienceImmune system dysfunction is paramount in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and fatality rate. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells involved in mucosal immunity and protection against viral infections. Here, we studied the immune cell landscape, with emphasis on MAIT cells, in cohorts totaling 208 patients with various stages of disease. MAIT cell frequency is strongly reduced in blood. They display a strong activated and cytotoxic phenotype that is more pronounced in lungs. Blood MAIT cell alterations positively correlate with the activation of other innate cells, proinflammatory cytokines, notably interleukin (IL)-18, and with the severity and mortality of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. We also identified a monocyte/macrophage interferon (IFN)-α-IL-18 cytokine shift and the ability of infected macrophages to induce the cytotoxicity of MAIT cells in an MR1-dependent manner. Together, our results suggest that altered MAIT cell functions due to IFN-α-IL-18 imbalance contribute to disease severity, and their therapeutic manipulation may prevent deleterious inflammation in COVID-19 aggravation

Aortic Valve Surgery in Nonelderly Patients: Insights Gained From AVIATOR

International audienc