Tekstilna industrija sjeverne Hrvatske u razdoblju od 1918. do 1929. - poslovanje tvrtki Tivar i VIS

U radu je prikazan razvoj i poslovanje tekstilne industrije u razdoblju od 1918. do 1929. godine na novonastalom gospodarskom i geografskom području sjeverne Hrvatske. Za VIS je zbog nedostatka podataka za razdoblje do 1929. razmatrano i razdoblje nakon 1929. godine. Istaknut je doprinos koji je upravo ova industrija imala za razvoj sjeverne, ali i cijele Hrvatske kao i njezin doprinos razvoju drugih industrija. Prema podacima u razdoblju od 1918. do 1929. godina na tom području poslovalo oko 90 tekstilnih poduzeća u kojima je bilo zaposleno oko 10 000 ljudi čime se tekstilna industrija nalazila na samom vrhu gospodarskih grana tog razdoblja. U radu je dan poseban osvrt na dvije velike tvornice koje su svojim poslovanjem obilježile tekstilnu industriju tog vremena i prostora. Opisani su počeci rada i promjene u osnivanju i strukturi poslovanja vodećih tekstilnih poduzeća tog razdoblja i to Tekstilne industrije Varaždin d.d. (osnovane 1918. godine) poznate pod nazivom TIVAR i Varaždinske industrije svile d.d. (osnovane 1929. godine) poznate pod nazivom VIS

Izrada časničke jakne prema povijesnom predlošku

Povećanje zrakoplovnih aktivnosti u ratovanju tijekom I. svjetskog rata, potaknulo je razvoj novih modela vojnih jakni. Osim kožnih jakni, namijenjenih zaštiti od hladnoće, polako su razvijani modeli jakni za ljetnu uporabu. U današnje vrijeme, takve su jakne sastavni dio vojnih uniformi ili se koriste kao dio svečane uniforme. U ovom radu je prikazan razvoj novog modela ljetne svečane časničke jakne, dizajnirane na primjeru Eisenhower ili Ike jakne. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, je 1943. godine istaknuo potrebu stvaranja novih zimskih uniformi za američku vojsku po uzoru na uniforme britanskih vojnih snaga. Stoga je glavnom stožeru Američke vojske predložio izmjene. Eisenhower jakna je jako utjecala na žensku modu 1950-ih godina, a danas je nose mnogi civili kao dio poslovne uniforme, npr. policija, poštari, vozači autobusa, itd

RADIOIODINE VERSUS SURGERYIN THE TREATMENT OF GRAVES’ HYPERTHYROIDISM

Najčešći uzrok hipertireoze u djece i odraslih osoba je autoimunosna Gravesova (Basedowljeva) bolest. U liječenju Gravesove hipertireoze primjenjuju se više od 60 godina tireostatici, kirurški zahvat i radiojodna terapija. Najraširenija je primjena tireostatika. Međutim, remisija uz tireostatike može se očekivati u 20–50% odraslih osoba i 20–30% djece. Metode definitivnog liječenja Gravesove hipertireoze su jod-131 (radiojod) ili kirurški zahvat. Obje metode liječenja imaju prednosti i nedostatke, a odabir uglavnom ovisi o dobi, osobnom izboru, popratnim bolestima i drugim individualnim osobinama bolesnika, ali i dostupnosti pojedine metode liječenja. Radiojodna terapija je jednostavan, siguran, efikasan i ekonomičan postupak definitivnog liječenja Gravesove hipertireoze. Primjenjuje se ambulantno i može se primijeniti u bolesnika u hipertireozi. Zbog toga se u odraslih osoba s Gravesovom hipertireozom večinom preferira liječenje jodom-131, a vrlo malo bolesnika upućuje se na kirurški zahvat. Radiojod je osobito metoda izbora u starijih bolesnika i kardiopata u kojih je indiciran odmah nakon postizanja eutireoze tireostaticima. Kirurški zahvat uglavnom je indiciran u mla|ih bolesnika, u slučaju individualnog izbora ili u osebnim indikacijama. Jasne indikacije za operativno liječenje Gravesove hipertireoze su: suspektni ili dokazani malignitet, koegzistiraju}a patologija koja zahtijeva kirurški zahvat, trudnoća ili dojenje, velika guša (te`a od 80 grama) ili guša sa simptomima i znakovima kompresije, te{ke toksi~ne nuspojave na tireostatike, potreba brze kontrole bolesti, dob do 5 godina i aktivna oftalmopatija. Rizik od kirurškog liječenja obrnuto je proporcionalan s iskustvom operatera, a danas se preferira gotovo totalna odnosno totalna tireoidektomija. Konačni ishod obaju oblika liječenja često je hipotireoza koju ne treba smatrati posljedicom liječenja jer se nadomjesnom terapijom hormonima štitnjače postiže hormonski ekvilibrij.The most common etiologic cause of thyrotoxicosis in children and adults is autoimmune Graves’ (Basedow’s) disease. Anti thyroid medications, surgery and radioactive iodine have been used in the treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism for more than six decades. The use of antithyroid drugs is the most common therapeutic approach. However, long-term remission with antithyroid drugs can be expected in 20–50% of adults and 20–30% of children. The methods for definitive treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism are iodine-131 (radioiodine) and surgery. Both treatment modalities have benefits and risks and the decision is made according to the age, patient preference and the presence of other co-morbidities, individual characteristics of patients and the availability of certain treatment modality. Radioiodine is simple, safe, effective and economic procedure for definitive treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism. It is administered ambulatory and can be given to the patient in thyrotoxicosis. Due to many benefits, radioiodine is preferred in most of the adult patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism while only small proportion of patients is sent to surgery. Radioidine is especially the treatment of choice in elderly patients and patients with heart disease. In these patients radioiodine is indicated immediately after reaching euthyroidism with antithyroid drugs. Surgery is mainly indicated in younger patients, in the case of patient preference or in special indications. Clear indications for surgical treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism are: suspected or confirmed malignancy, coexisting pathology that demands surgical treatment, pregnancy and breastfeeding, large goiter (> 80 grams) or goiter with symptoms and signs of compression, severe toxic side effects of antithyroid medications, requirement for immediate control of disease, age younger than 5 years and active ophtalmopathy. The risk of surgical treatment is negatively correlated with the surgeon’s experience and nowadays, total or near-total thyroidectomy is preferred surgical approach. End point of both treatment modalities is usually hypothyroidism that should not be considered as the consequence of treatment. Moreover, due to thyroid hormones replacement therapy equilibrium can be easily achieved

Clinical Best Practices for Radiation Safety During Lutetium-177 Therapy.

IMPORTANCE: 177 Lu therapy as part of theranostic treatment for cancer is expanding but it can be a challenge for sites with limited radiation protection staff to implement the radiation safety program required for therapeutic nuclear medicine. OBJECTIVE: To increase the adoption of 177 Lu therapy, especially in smaller centers and clinics, by providing a collection of radiation safety best practices and operational experience. To provide a resource for radiation safety officers supporting the implementation of a 177 Lu therapy program. METHODS: A panel of 11 radiation safety professionals representing sites across Canada and the United States with experience delivering 177 Lu therapy was assembled and discussed their responses to a list of questions focused on the following radiation safety topics: facility layout and design; radiation safety program; and drug management and patient care. RESULTS: A comprehensive set of best practice guidelines for clinical radiation safety during 177 Lu therapy has been developed based on the collective operational experience of a group of radiation safety professionals. Significant findings included that 177 Lu therapy is often safely administered in unshielded rooms, that staff radiation exposure associated with 177 Lu therapy is minimal relative to other nuclear medicine programs, and that some relatively simple preparation in advance including papering of common surfaces and planning for incontinence can effectively control contamination during therapy. CONCLUSION: The guidance contained in this paper will assist radiation safety professionals in the implementation of safe, effective 177 Lu therapy programs, even at smaller sites with limited to no experience in therapeutic nuclear medicine