Effect of leptin on spatial learning, memory and blood glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus in male wistar albino rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus is known to cause cognitive impairment that can be possibly attributed to deficient levels of leptin in diabetic animals. This study was undertaken to study the effect of administration of leptin on spatial learning, memory and blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.Methods: Rats were divided into three groups. The first group was the control group. Diabetes was induced in groups 2 and 3 by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Group 2 received saline while group 3 received leptin (0.1 mg/kg) subcutaneously for 10 days from 4th day of STZ administration. Behavioural assessment was done in T maze after 21 days of the last injection of leptin. Blood glucose levels were also analysed.Results: The number of correct arm entries decreased while time spent being immobile and time spent to reach the correct arm increased in the diabetic group when compared to the control group and correct arm entries increased while time spent immobile and time spent to reach the correct arm decreased with leptin treatment when compared to the diabetic control rats. Blood glucose levels increased in the diabetic rats while leptin administration reduced blood glucose levels in the group 3.Conclusions: Our study suggests that leptin can improve learning and memory while also producing a slight reduction in the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats

A Case of Junvenile Psammomatoid Ossifying Fibroma in Mandible: An Unconventional Variant

The uncommon fibro-osseous tumour known as ossifying fibroma is composed of both mature bone and fibrous tissue. It is divided into subgroups known as conventional and juvenile. Both variations affect the craniofacial bones, with the juvenile trabecular form being more common in the jaws and the juvenile psammomatoid variety being more prevalent in the paranasal sinuses. Hereby, the authors present a case report of 21-year-old male patient with extremely rare case of mandibular Juvenile Psammomatoid Ossifying Fibroma (JPOF), in which a patient reported a slow-growing, painless swelling of the mandible. After surgical removal of the tumour, histological analysis revealed that it was a psammomatoid variation of juvenile ossifying fibroma with numerous psammoma-like ossifications in the fibrous stroma. In this case study, authors discussed JPOF occurring at an unusual site, emphasising the importance of early detection, clinical findings, imaging results, differential diagnosis, histological characteristics, and conservative treatment of JPOF without evidence of recurrence

Role of radiological modalities in bone tumors & tumor mimics

Imaging bone tumors causes uncertainty,especially outside dedicated sarcoma treatment centres. Conventional radiographs remains the backbone of bone tumor diagnostics, but MR imaging has a role.Radiographs are crucial for assessing tumor matrix and aggressiveness. MR imaging is the best modality for local staging. This article reviews semiological aspects of bone tumors: patient age, tumor localization,pattern of bone destruction,periosteal reaction

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the elderly population of Singapore

10.1038/hr.2010.177Hypertension Research33121223-1231HRES