Phytochemical Investigation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Zizyphus Xylopyrus (Retz) Willd Leaf Extract

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the Zizyphus xylopyrus ethanolic fractions, which was related to the phytoconstituents present. The plant's root powder was extracted using an ethanol extraction procedure that involved several consecutive steps. Following this, the extracted product displayed a distinct scent feature. Tannic acid, phenol, and flavonoids were found, indicating the existence of the required phytochemicals. The flavonoids were isolated using spectroscopic characterisation using the ethanolic extract. After then, this extract was used for additional pharmacological testing because in the study, only ethanolic extracts and saponins were used. Based on each sample's results from a variety of qualitative tests, this analysis was carried out. The discovery of new illnesses, especially those brought on by Enterococcus and Staphylococcus species, has sparked increased interest in the study of therapeutic plants in recent decades. These microorganisms have become resistant to widely used antibiotics and are the cause of a considerable proportion of hospital-acquired illnesses. For example, S. aureus, which was once sensitive to a number of antibiotics, is now showing signs of resistance to several medication

In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of cotton fabrics treated with bael fruit shell extract

The present study is aimed at evaluating the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of bael fruit shell (BFS) extract. Hot water extraction (HWE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) techniques have been used to understand the effectiveness of the extraction process and its relation to impart enhanced functional property of cotton fabric. The cotton fabric has been treated with BFS extract by using padding mangle. The effectiveness of antibacterial activity against both the Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and antioxidant property has been evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results reveal that UAE-BFS treated fabric shows 93% reduction for E coli and 82% for S aureus, which is higher as compared to HWE-BFS treated fabric (91% for E coli and 61 % for S aureus). This trend has also been observed in qualitative zone of inhibition method. Antioxidant efficacy of UAE treated fabric is 86%, whereas HWE treated fabric registers 80% activity

In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of cotton fabrics treated with bael fruit shell extract

116-124The present study is aimed at evaluating the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of bael fruit shell (BFS) extract. Hot water extraction (HWE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) techniques have been used to understand the effectiveness of the extraction process and its relation to impart enhanced functional property of cotton fabric. The cotton fabric has been treated with BFS extract by using padding mangle. The effectiveness of antibacterial activity against both the Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and antioxidant property has been evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results reveal that UAE-BFS treated fabric shows 93% reduction for E coli and 82% for S aureus, which is higher as compared to HWE-BFS treated fabric (91% for E coli and 61 % for S aureus). This trend has also been observed in qualitative zone of inhibition method. Antioxidant efficacy of UAE treated fabric is 86%, whereas HWE treated fabric registers 80% activity

Leveraging antibacterial efficacy of silver loaded chitosan nanoparticles on layer-by-layer self-assembled coated cotton fabric

The present study relates to forma self-assembled coating on cotton fabric using layer-by-layer (L-B-L) technique to impart antimicrobial property. Poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and synthesised silver loaded chitosan (CS-Ag) nanoparticles were used as anionic and cationic agents, respectively, for the L-B-L electrostatic assembly of polyelectrolytes. The alternate L B-L deposition of PSS and CS-Ag nanoparticles on fabric was done up to 15 bi-layers, which was confirmed by measuring the change in depth of colour of fabric after each single layer deposition. Scanning electron micrographs showed the successful deposition of CS-Ag nanoparticles as the topmost surface layer of coated fabric, which was further reaffirmed by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Results of both qualitative and quantitative analysis showed enhancement in the antibacterial activity of fabric coated L-B-L with CS-Ag nanoparticles (using minimal loading of silver) with respect to that of fabric coated L-B-L with chitosan (CS) nanoparticles. This was further substantiated by sustained release of Ag+ from fabric coated L-B-L with CS-Ag nanoparticles, as observed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Besides, no adverse effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the fabric, such as air-permeability, tensile strength and bending (flexural) rigidity, was observed after L-B-L coating of nanoparticles

Environmental management systems for the textile industry :A case study

33-38<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Increasing Environmental responsibilities on part of the management to comply with environment protection and pollution control legislations and escalating environmental compliance and remediation costs, has created a need for effective <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Environmental Management System (EMS).The focus of EMS is to conserve input resources and to protect the environment. This paper describes the ISO 14000 series as an effective tool for environment management systems applied to textile <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">industries. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">A case study based on actual implementation of ISO 14001 in an upcoming textile unit based in North India has been illustrated. </span

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan and silver loaded chitosan nanoparticles for bioactive polyester

The paper focuses on the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles (CSN) by ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate and subsequently its loading with silver ions to produce silver loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Ag-CSN). The aim was to enhance the antibacterial property of chitosan in the nanoparticle form and thus improve its bactericidal efficacy when applied on polyester fabrics. The average particle size of CSN and Ag-CSN was 115 nm and 165 nm, respectively. The structure of CSN and Ag-CSN was studied by XRD, FTIR, DSC, TGA and TEM analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentration of both the CSN and Ag-CSN against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was found to be 50 and 500 times less, respectively, as compared to bulk chitosan. Silver loading on the synthesized CSN showed synergistic antimicrobial effect against S. aureus bacteria. The release of Ag+ from Ag-CSN finished polyester fabric is substantiated by antibacterial testing which shows a clear zone of inhibition

Modulation of size, shape and surface charge of chitosan nanoparticles with reference to antimicrobial activity

Chitosan is extensively used in medicine and medical textiles for drug delivery and other applications because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability and inherent antimicrobial properties. In this study, we demonstrated a manipulating route with suitable process conditions to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles which are expected to have the best antibacterial activity for medical application. Ionotropic cross-linking using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) was the chosen route for synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles. It was interesting to observe that pH of the chitosan and TPP solution has a significant role in controlling the nanoparticle shape and size and thus can be fine tuned to achieve optimum antimicrobial activity. Solution pH of both chitosan and TPP was demonstrated to be the most critical factor in controlling particle size, surface charge and even shape as revealed by the SEM and TEM micrograph. It was also found that variation in size, shape and surface charge of chitosan nanoparticles resulted in significant variation in their antibacterial activity. The study demonstrated that best antimicrobial activity against bacteria S. aureus was achieved when the chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized at chitosan solution pH fixed at 6.0 and the TPP solution pH at 8.9. These observations can be used to fine tune the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles for their application as an effective antimicrobial agent in polymers and textiles for their noble use in medical field

Effect of process parameters on layer-by-layer self-assembly of polyelectrolytes on cotton substrate

To our knowledge, the present study is the first attempt to evaluate the effect of different process parameters on the amount of polyelectrolyte adsorbed on a cotton textile substrate via sequential adsorption of negatively charged poly (styrene sulphonate) (PSS) and positively charged poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) using layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly nanocoating process. A considerably different polymer adsorption behaviour was observed from thick adsorbed layers to thin adsorbed layer with different degree of layer penetration and ionic pair formation over the pH range (2.5 - 9.0) studied. The amount of polyelectrolyte adsorption on cotton fabric was evaluated by measuring the colour value (K/S) of methylene blue absorbed cotton surface. Contact angle measurement revealed that the extent of binding of the oppositely charged polyions on the fabric depends on the pH of the polyelectrolyte solution and 'zipped-up' structure with more ion pair formation was observed at the pH range 4.5 - 6.5. At higher temperature, the amount of polyelectrolyte adsorbed within the multilayers was higher. An increased deposition of PSS and PAH was observed with increase in electrolyte (NaCl) concentration. The amount of PSS and PAH adsorption increased up to 0.03 (M) of PSS and 0.01 (M) of PAH concentrations, respectively. A dipping time of 5 min was sufficient to have a maximum deposition of the polyelectrolyte multilayers

Polymer/clay nanocomposite based coatings for enhanced gas barrier property

202-214This paper aims at exploring the revolutionary field of nanotechnology and some of its promising aspects in the innovative field of polymeric nanocomposites because they show substantially improved physical properties as compared to neat polymers. The polymer layered silicate nanocomposites are an important class of hybrid organic-inorganic materials with improved mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical properties. They also show superior UV and chemical resistance and are widely being investigated for improving the gas barrier and flame retardant properties. The common synthesis techniques to produce polymeric layered silicate nanocomposites and their feasibility as coatings for textiles to improve the property mix have been discussed along with the improved properties of these materials. Polymer nanocomposite based coatings for enhanced gas barrier properties have also been reviewed. A feasibility study on polyurethane /clay nanocomposite based coating for inflatable has been done and it is found that the polyurethane /clay nanocomposite based coated fabric shows an encouraging result on improving the gas barrier property for inflatables