8,688 research outputs found
Power Spectrum Constraints from Spectral Distortions in the Cosmic Microwave Background
%The content of this replacement paper is identical to the original. %We have
attempted to fix the postscript so that it will print out on %a larger number
of printers. Using recent experimental limits on distortions from COBE
FIRAS, and the large lever-arm spanning the damping of sub-Jeans scale
fluctuations to the scale of the COBE DMR fluctuations, we set a constraint on
the slope of the primordial power spectrum . It is possible to analytically
calculate the contribution over the full range of scales and redshifts,
correctly taking into account fluctuation growth and damping as well as
thermalization processes. We find that the 95\% upper limit is weakly dependent
on cosmological parameters, e.g. and for
with marginally weaker constraints for in a flat
universe.Comment: 8pg, uuencoded-tarred (& hopefully more compatible!) postscript,
CfPA-TH-94-1
The Physics of Microwave Background Anisotropies
Cosmic microwave background anisotropies provide a vast amount of information
on both structure formation in the universe and the background dynamics and
geometry. The full physical content and detailed structure of anisotropies can
be understood in a simple and intuitive fashion through a systematic
investigation of the individual mechanisms for anisotropy formation, based on
elementary gravitational and fluid dynamics.Comment: 12pgs, uuencoded postscript, 5 figures included, full page color
figures and stripped version available at
ftp://pac2.berkeley.edu/pub/hu/physic
Band engineering of a magnetic thin film rare earth monopnictide
Realizing quantum materials in few atomic layer morphologies is a key to both
observing and controlling a wide variety of exotic quantum phenomena. This
includes topological electronic materials, where the tunability and
dimensionality of few layer materials have enabled the detection of ,
Chern, and Majorana phases. Here, we report the development of a platform for
thin film correlated, topological states in the magnetic rare-earth
monopnictide () system GdBi synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy. This
material is known from bulk single crystal studies to be semimetallic
antiferromagnets with Neel temperature 28 K and is the magnetic analog
of the non--electron containing system LaBi proposed to have topological
surface states. Our transport and magnetization studies of thin films grown
epitaxially on BaF reveal that semimetallicity is lifted below
approximately 8 crystallographic unit cells while magnetic order is maintained
down to our minimum thickness of 5 crystallographic unit cells.
First-principles calculations show that the non-trivial topology is preserved
down to the monolayer limit, where quantum confinement and the lattice symmetry
give rise to a Chern insulator phase. We further demonstrate the
stabilization of these films against atmospheric degradation using a
combination of air-free buffer and capping procedures. These results together
identify thin film materials as potential platforms for engineering
topological electronic bands in correlated magnetic materials
HTX-011 reduced pain intensity and opioid consumption versus bupivacaine HCl in bunionectomy: phase III results from the randomized EPOCH 1 study.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a need for local anesthetics that provide consistent analgesia through 72 hours after surgery. This study evaluates the use of HTX-011 (bupivacaine and meloxicam in Biochronomerpolymer technology), an extended-release, dual-acting local anesthetic, in reducing both postoperative pain over 72 hours and postoperative opioid use when compared with bupivacaine hydrochloride (HCl) and saline placebo. Inclusion of low-dose meloxicam in HTX-011 is designed to reduce local inflammation caused by surgery, potentiating the analgesic effect of bupivacaine. Previously, significant synergy has been observed with bupivacaine and meloxicam with both given locally together.
METHODS: EPOCH 1 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled phase III study in subjects undergoing a primary unilateral, distal, first metatarsal bunionectomy in which subjects received either a single intraoperative dose of HTX-011, immediate-release bupivacaine HCl or saline placebo.
RESULTS: A total of 412 subjects were dosed. The results for the primary and all four key secondary endpoints were statistically significant in favor of HTX-011. HTX-011 demonstrated superior, sustained pain reduction through 72 hours, significantly reduced opioid consumption and resulted in significantly more opioid-free subjects compared with saline placebo and bupivacaine HCl. Safety was similar across groups with fewer opioid-related adverse events observed in the HTX-011 group.
CONCLUSIONS: HTX-011 demonstrated significant reduction in postoperative pain through 72 hours with significant reduction in opioid consumption and a significant increase in the proportion of opioid-free subjects compared with saline placebo and the most widely used local anesthetic, bupivacaine HCl.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03295721
Can Baryonic Features Produce the Observed 100 Mpc Clustering?
We assess the possibility that baryonic acoustic oscillations in adiabatic
models may explain the observations of excess power in large-scale structure on
100h^-1 Mpc scales. The observed location restricts models to two extreme areas
of parameter space. In either case, the baryon fraction must be large
(Omega_b/Omega_0 > 0.3) to yield significant features. The first region
requires Omega_0 < 0.2h to match the location, implying large blue tilts
(n>1.4) to satisfy cluster abundance constraints. The power spectrum also
continues to rise toward larger scales in these models. The second region
requires Omega_0 near 1, implying Omega_b well out of the range of big bang
nucleosynthesis constraints; moreover, the peak is noticeably wider than the
observations suggest. Testable features of both solutions are that they require
moderate reionization and thereby generate potentially observable (about 1 uK)
large-angle polarization, as well as sub-arc-minute temperature fluctuations.
In short, baryonic features in adiabatic models may explain the observed excess
only if currently favored determinations of cosmological parameters are in
substantial error or if present surveys do not represent a fair sample of
100h^-1 Mpc structures.Comment: LaTeX, 7 pages, 5 Postscript figures, submitted to ApJ Letter
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