16 research outputs found

    Intra-abdominal pressure and its relationship with markers of congestion in patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure

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    Systemic congestion is one of the mechanisms involved in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), elicited by abdominal congestion, has been related to acute kidney injury and prognosis. Nonetheless, the link between diuretic response, surrogate markers of congestion and renal function remains poorly understood. We measured IAP in 43 patients from a non-interventional, exploratory, prospective, single center study carried out in patients admitted for ADHF. IAP was measured with a calibrated electronic manometer through a catheter inserted in the bladder. Normal IAP was defined as 12聽mmHg at 72聽h. In patients with ADHF, higher IAP at admission is associated with poorer baseline renal function and impaired diuretic response. The persistence of IAP at 72聽h above 12聽mmHg associates to longer length of hospital stay and higher 1-year all-cause mortality

    La congesti贸n residual y la intuici贸n cl铆nica en la insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada

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    Congestive symptoms are the key to recognising decompensated heart failure, whose treatment is based on reducing the congestion until a clinical situation has been reached that allows the patient to be discharged to continue outpatient treatment. The important aspect is not the degree of congestion at admission but rather the congestion that persists after energetic diuretic therapy. The persistence of congestive signs following an apparently correct and effective therapy has been called residual congestion and is associated with a poor prognosis. The tools for determining this condition are still rudimentary. Methods therefore need to be developed that enable a more accurate assessment

    Usefulness of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Heart Failure Regardless of Ejection Fraction

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    Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a role in the improvement of cardiac function and remodeling. Their serum levels are strongly related with mortality in chronic systolic heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to study prognostic value of HGF in acute HF, interaction with ejection fraction, renal function, and natriuretic peptides. We included 373 patients (age 76 卤 10聽years, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 46 卤 14%, 48% men) consecutively admitted for acute HF. Blood samples were obtained at admission. All patients were followed up until death or close of study (>1聽year, median 371聽days). HGF concentrations were determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (human HGF immunoassay). The predictive power of HGF was estimated by Cox regression with calculation of Harrell C-statistic. HGF had a median of 1,942 pg/ml (interquartile rank 1,354). According to HGF quartiles, mortality rates (per 1,000 patients/year) were 98, 183, 375, and 393, respectively (p <0.001). In Cox regression analysis, HGF (hazard ratio1SD聽= 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.1, p聽= 0.002) and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP; hazard ratio1SD聽= 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.6, p聽= 0.002) were independent predictors of mortality. Interaction between HGF and LVEF, origin, and renal function was nonsignificant. The addition of HGF improved the predictive ability of the models (C-statistic 0.768 vs 0.741, p聽= 0.016). HGF showed a complementary value over NT-proBNP (p聽= 0.001): mortality rate was 490 with both above the median versus 72 with both below. In conclusion, in patients with acute HF, serum HGF concentrations are elevated and identify patients at higher risk of mortality, regardless of LVEF, ischemic origin, or renal function. HGF had independent and additive information over NT-proBNP

    Valor pron贸stico de la ratio urea / creatinina en la insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada y su relaci贸n con el da帽o renal agudo

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    Introducci贸n: El empeoramiento de la funci贸n renal es un 铆ndice de mal pron贸stico en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA). El cociente urea/creatinina (U/C) podr铆a tener significaci贸n pron贸stica en la ICA. Material y m茅todos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, cuyo objetivo fue analizar el valor pron贸stico del cociente U/C, determinado en las primeras 24-48 h del ingreso, en pacientes hospitalizados por ICA, as铆 como su relaci贸n con el filtrado glomerular estimado (FGe) y el da帽o renal agudo (DRA). Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 204 pacientes, con edad media de 79, 3 a帽os. La mediana de FGe fue 55 ml/min/1, 73m2. En el an谩lisis multivariante, un cociente U/C > 50 se asoci贸 con una mayor probabilidad de DRA durante el ingreso (36, 5% vs. 21, 9%) y mortalidad por cualquier causa (odds ratio [OR] 2, 75) y por IC (OR 3, 50) durante el seguimiento. La elevaci贸n del cociente U/C fue pron贸stica solo en los pacientes con FGe normales (mortalidad 4, 4% vs. 22%; p=0, 01). La combinaci贸n del cociente U/C con el FGe tuvo mayor capacidad predictiva de DRA que cada uno de ellos por separado (谩rea bajo la curva 0, 718, intervalo de confianza al 95% 0, 643-0, 793; p<0, 001). Conclusiones: Un cociente U/C > 50 predice mortalidad a largo plazo en pacientes con FGe normal, y combinado con el FGe, mejora la identificaci贸n del riesgo de DRA, en pacientes ingresados por ICA. Dado lo simple de este biomarcador, sugerimos su uso sistem谩tico en la cl铆nica diaria. Background: Worsening renal function is associated with an adverse prognosis for patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Urea-creatinine ratio (U:C ratio) might be useful for measuring renal function and could help stratify patients with AHF. Material and methods: An observational and prospective study was conducted to analyse the prognostic value of the U:C ratio, measured during the first 24-28 hours of admission, for patients hospitalised for decompensated Heart failure, and its relationship with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and acute kidney injury (AKI). Results: The study included 204 patients, with a mean age of 79.3 years, and a median eGFR of 55 mL/min/1.73m2. In the multivariate analysis, an U:C ratio above the median (50) was related to the development of AKI (36.5% vs. 21.9%) and to increased mortality, both overall (OR 2.75) and by HF (OR 3.50) in long term. In combination with eGFR, the U:C ratio showed prognostic value in patients with normal eGFR (mortality of 4.4% for an U:C ratio = 50 vs. 22% for U:C ratio &gt; 50; p=0.01), as well as a better predictive capacity for AKI than each of them separately (AUC, 0.718; 95% CI 0.643-0.793; p&gt;.000). Conclusions: An U:C ratio &gt; 50 is a predictor of increased long-term mortality for patients hospitalised for decompensated HF and with normal eGFR. Given the simplicity of this biomarker, its use in clinical practice should be more systematic

    Valor pron贸stico de la ratio urea / creatinina en la insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada y su relaci贸n con el da帽o renal agudo

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    Introducci贸n: El empeoramiento de la funci贸n renal es un 铆ndice de mal pron贸stico en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA). El cociente urea/creatinina (U/C) podr铆a tener significaci贸n pron贸stica en la ICA. Material y m茅todos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, cuyo objetivo fue analizar el valor pron贸stico del cociente U/C, determinado en las primeras 24-48 h del ingreso, en pacientes hospitalizados por ICA, as铆 como su relaci贸n con el filtrado glomerular estimado (FGe) y el da帽o renal agudo (DRA). Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 204 pacientes, con edad media de 79,3 a帽os. La mediana de FGe fue 55 ml/min/1,73m2. En el an谩lisis multivariante, un cociente U/C > 50 se asoci贸 con una mayor probabilidad de DRA durante el ingreso (36,5% vs. 21,9%) y mortalidad por cualquier causa (odds ratio [OR] 2,75) y por IC (OR 3,50) durante el seguimiento. La elevaci贸n del cociente U/C fue pron贸stica solo en los pacientes con FGe normales (mortalidad 4,4% vs. 22%; p=0,01). La combinaci贸n del cociente U/C con el FGe tuvo mayor capacidad predictiva de DRA que cada uno de ellos por separado (谩rea bajo la curva 0,718, intervalo de confianza al 95% 0,643-0,793; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Un cociente U/C > 50 predice mortalidad a largo plazo en pacientes con FGe normal, y combinado con el FGe, mejora la identificaci贸n del riesgo de DRA, en pacientes ingresados por ICA. Dado lo simple de este biomarcador, sugerimos su uso sistem谩tico en la cl铆nica diaria

    Valor pron贸stico de la desnutrici贸n en pacientes con insuficiencia card铆aca aguda y su influencia en la interpretaci贸n de marcadores de congesti贸n venosa sist茅mica

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    Antecedentes La desnutrici贸n es frecuente en los pacientes con insuficiencia card铆aca (IC). Dicha situaci贸n contribuye al incremento de la congesti贸n sist茅mica dificultando el manejo cl铆nico. Cuantificar la desnutrici贸n y su relaci贸n con la congesti贸n sist茅mica, es importante para optimizar el tratamiento durante la fase aguda. Material y m茅todos Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo en pacientes con diagn贸stico de IC aguda. La poblaci贸n se estratific贸 seg煤n los 铆ndices de nutrici贸n de CONUT (Controlling Nutritional Status) y PNI (Prognostic Nutritional Index) con el objetivo de analizar su relaci贸n con par谩metros objetivos de congesti贸n y el valor pron贸stico al a帽o de seguimiento. Resultados Se incluyeron un total de 309 pacientes, presentando m谩s de la mitad alg煤n grado de desnutrici贸n al ingreso. El grado de congesti贸n fue significativamente superior en los pacientes desnutridos, con una mayor proporci贸n de 芦l铆neas b禄 y un mayor volumen plasm谩tico relativo. Las concentraciones de la prohormona N-terminal del p茅ptido natriur茅tico cerebral (NT-proBNP), tanto al ingreso como al alta, tambi茅n fueron significativamente superiores en los pacientes desnutridos, independientemente de la escala empleada. El an谩lisis univariante identific贸 el 铆ndice de CONUT y PNI, como factores asociados a la mortalidad al a帽o para todas las causas (HR 1, 62 [1, 22-2, 14]; p = 0, 001) y de PNI (HR 0, 65 [0, 53-0, 80]; p = < 0, 001), respectivamente. Conclusiones Un mayor grado de desnutrici贸n (determinado mediante los 铆ndices de CONUT y PNI) en pacientes con IC aguda, se asoci贸 a una mayor presencia de par谩metros objetivos de congesti贸n y a una mayor mortalidad al a帽o para todas las causas. Background Malnutrition is frequent in patients with heart failure (HF) and contributes to increased systemic congestion, but also hinders its correct assessment, especially during decompensations. Estimating the degree of malnutrition and its relationship with systemic congestion is important to optimize treatment during decompensations. Material and methods Retrospective cohort study in patients with acute HF. The population was stratified according to CONUT (Controlling Nutritional Status) and PNI (Prognostic Nutritional Index) nutrition indices in order to analyse their relationship with objective parameters of congestion and the prognostic value of malnutrition. Results 309 patients were included. More than half presented some degree of malnutrition upon admission. The degree of congestion was significantly higher in malnourished patients, with a higher proportion of 芦comet tail artifacts禄 and a higher relative plasma volume. NT-proBNP concentrations, both on admission and at discharge, were also significantly higher in malnourished patients, regardless of the scale used. The univariate analysis identified the CONUT and PNI index as factors associated with one-year mortality from any cause (HR 1.62 [1.22-2.14]; p = 0.001) and PNI (HR 65 [0.53-0.80]; p = < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions A higher degree of malnutrition (determined by means of the CONUT and PNI indices) in patients with acute HF was associated with a higher presence of objective parameters of congestion and a higher one-year all-cause mortality

    Influencia de la presi贸n arterial al inicio de las descompensaciones en el pron贸stico de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca

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    Fundamento y objetivo: Existe una relaci贸n inversa entre las cifras de presi贸n arterial en las descompensaciones y el pron贸stico de la insuficiencia cardiaca (IC). Las caracter铆sticas de esta relaci贸n no son bien conocidas. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar si esta relaci贸n se mantiene en una cohorte no seleccionada de pacientes con IC y si el tratamiento la modifica. Material y m茅todos: Estudio prospectivo de cohortes de pacientes ingresados por IC descompensada en un servicio de Medicina Interna y seguidos ambulatoriamente en una consulta monogr谩fica. Los pacientes fueron agrupados en funci贸n de la presi贸n arterial sist贸lica (PAS) y diast贸lica (PAD); se analizaron las caracter铆sticas cl铆nicas, la mortalidad global y los reingresos al primer, tercer y sexto mes de seguimiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 221 pacientes tras un ingreso 铆ndice por IC. Media de edad: 79, 5 a帽os (DE 8, 09); varones: 115. No hubo diferencias significativas en las caracter铆sticas basales de los pacientes en funci贸n de los cuartiles de PAS. Los pacientes con menor PAS (Q1) ten铆an mayor mortalidad (20%, p < 0, 05). No se encontraron diferencias para la PAD. Sin embargo, el an谩lisis de Kaplan-Meier mostr贸 una mayor mortalidad global en los pacientes con menor PAS y PAD (log-rank = 0, 011 y 0, 041, respectivamente). Las caracter铆sticas del tratamiento farmacol贸gico no difer铆an entre los grupos del estudio. Conclusi贸n: En pacientes con IC no seleccionados, las cifras elevadas de PAS al ingreso se asocian con una menor mortalidad durante el seguimiento. El tratamiento farmacol贸gico de la IC no parece influir en la relaci贸n inversa entre la PAS al ingreso y la mortalidad. Background and objective An inverse relationship has been described between blood pressure and the prognosis in heart failure (HF). The characteristics of this relationship are not well unknown. The objective of this study was to determine if this relationship is maintained in a non-selected cohort of patients with HF and if it can be modified by treatment. Material and methods Prospective study of cohorts including patients hospitalized for decompensated HF in Internal Medicine departments and followed as outpatients in a monographic consultation. Patients were classified according to their levels of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Clinical characteristics, all-cause mortality and readmissions after the first, third and sixth month of follow-up were analysed. Results Two hundred and twenty-one patients were included after their admission to the hospital for acute HF. Mean patient age was 79.5 years(SD 8.09); 115 patients were male. No significant differences between SBP quartiles and basal characteristics were found. Patients with lower SBP (Q1) had higher mortality rates (20%, P聽<聽.05). No significant differences between mortality/readmissions and DBP were found. However, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed higher all-cause mortality rates for the group of patients with lower SBP and DBP (log-rank聽=聽0.011 and 0.041, respectively). The pharmacological treatment did not differ significantly between both study groups. Conclusion For non-selected patients suffering HF, higher SBP upon the admission is associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality rates during follow-up. Pharmacological treatment of HF does not seem to influence this inverse relationship between SBP at admission and patient mortality

    Ausencia de implicaci贸n de la cistatina C en el remodelado ventricular y la insuficiencia cardiaca

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    La cistatina C (CisC) es una proteasa codificada por genes de mantenimiento (芦housekeeping genes禄). Aunque su valor pron贸stico en la insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es bien conocido, se debate si es debido a su mayor precisi贸n en la estimaci贸n del filtrado glomerular, o a su implicaci贸n en el remodelado ventricular patol贸gico. El prop贸sito de este estudio fue comprobar si la expresi贸n de CisC se modificaba en el miocardio de fetos de diferentes edades y en el de adultos con diversas enfermedades cardiovasculares, as铆 como analizar la correlaci贸n entre sus concentraciones s茅ricas y la estructura y morfolog铆a cardiaca en un grupo de pacientes con IC.Pacientes y m茅todosSe analizaron las correlaciones (test de Pearson y Spearman) entre la CisC s茅rica y los par谩metros ecocardiogr谩ficos de 351 pacientes con IC. Tambi茅n se realiz贸 una tinci贸n inmunohistoqu铆mica para CisC, metaloproteinasa 9 (MMP-9) y desmina en 9 muestras de tejido cardiaco procedentes de las autopsias de 4 fetos con diferente edad gestacional y 5 adultos sanos o con enfermedad cardiovascular.ResultadosEn pacientes con IC no se encontr贸 correlaci贸n entre las concentraciones de CisC y los par谩metros cardiacos medidos por ecocardiograf铆a 2 D. La inmunohistoqu铆mica mostr贸 una d茅bil tinci贸n de fondo para CisC en todas las muestras, independientemente de la edad y la presencia o no de enfermedades cardiovasculares.ConclusionesNuestros resultados sugieren que la CisC no tiene un papel significativo en el remodelado patol贸gico del ventr铆culo izquierdo en la IC. Cystatin C (CysC) is a protease encoded by housekeeping genes. Although its prognostic value in heart failure (HF) is well known, it is debatable whether this value is due to the greater accuracy of CysC in calculating the glomerular filtration rate or to its involvement in pathological ventricular remodelling. The aim of this study was to determine whether CysC expression changes in the myocardium of foetuses of different ages and in the myocardium of adults with various cardiovascular diseases, as well as to analyse the correlation between its serum concentrations and cardiac structure and morphology in a patient group with HF. Patients and methods We analysed the correlations (Pearson''s r and Spearman''s test) between the serum CysC levels and echocardiographic parameters of 351 patients with HF. We also performed immunohistochemical staining for CysC, metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and desmin in 9 cardiac tissue samples from autopsies of 4 foetuses of different gestational ages and 5 healthy adults or adults with cardiovascular disease. Results For the patients with HF, there was no correlation between the CysC concentrations and the cardiac parameters measured by 2 D echocardiography. The immunohistochemistry showed a weak background staining for CysC in all samples, regardless of age and the presence or absence of cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions Our results suggest that CysC does not have a significant role in the pathological remodelling of the left ventricle in HF

    Presi贸n intraabdominal y empeoramiento de la funci贸n renal durante las descompensaciones de la insuficiencia cardiaca. Un informe preliminar del estudio PIA.

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    Antecedentes: El aumento de la presi贸n intraabdominal (PIA) que tiene lugar durante la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda parece estar directamente relacionado con un empeoramiento de la funci贸n renal, lo que conduce a peores resultados cl铆nicos. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la relaci贸n entre la PIA y los determinantes de la funci贸n renal para la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda descompensada (ICAD) durante el ingreso en un pabell贸n de medicina interna convencional. Pacientes y m茅todos: Estudio descriptivo y prospectivo. Se incluy贸 a aquellos pacientes con una tasa de filtraci贸n glomerular > 30 mL/min/1,73 m2, dispuestos a participar en el estudio y que otorgaron su consentimiento informado. El protocolo (PI 15 0227) fue aprobado por el Comit茅 de 脡tica de Arag贸n. Resultados: Presentamos los resultados de un an谩lisis preliminar llevado a cabo con los primeros 28 pacientes incluidos en el estudio. Los pacientes se segregaron en 2 grupos seg煤n la mediana de la PIA, alta (PIA > 15 mmHg) y baja (PIA < 15 mmHg), medida durante las primeras 24 h tras el ingreso por ICAD. Cada grupo estuvo integrado por 14 pacientes. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en cuanto a caracter铆sticas cl铆nicas de referencia, comorbilidades ni tratamiento. Los pacientes con PIA superior a los 15 mmHg presentaron una tasa de filtraci贸n glomerular basal significativamente baja (70,7 vs. 44,4 mL/min/1,73 m2 con p = 0,004; urea en sangre 36 vs. 83 mg/dL con p = 0,002; creatinina s茅rica 0,87 vs. 1,3 mg/dL con p = 0,004 y cistatina C 1,2 vs. 1,94 mg/dL con p = 0,002). Adem谩s, estos pacientes mostraron las concentraciones de 谩cido 煤rico m谩s altas (5,7 vs. 8,0; p = 0,046), las de hemoglobina resultaron m谩s bajas (11,7 vs. 10,5 g/L; p = 0,04) y la estancia hospitalaria m谩s larga (6,5 vs. 9,6 d铆as; p = 0,017). Conclusiones: El aumento de la PIA parece ser un hallazgo frecuente en pacientes ingresados por ICAD. Independientemente de la PIA, los pacientes comparten un perfil cl铆nico similar, si bien el aumento de la PIA se asoci贸 con un empeoramiento significativo de la funci贸n renal de referencia. Background: An increase in intraabdominal pressure (IAP) during acute heart failure, seems to be directly related to worsening renal function, which leads to worse clinical outcomes. We aimed to analyze the relationship between IAP and determinants of renal function during admission for acute decompensation of heart failure (ADHF) in a conventional Internal Medicine Ward. Patients and methods: Descriptive and prospective study. Patients admitted for ADHF with an estimated glomerular filtration rate > 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, willing to participate and who gave their informed consent were included. Ethics Committee of Aragon approved the protocol (PI 15 0227). Results: We hereby report the results of an interim analysis of the first 28 patients included. Patients were divided in 2 groups according to the median of IAP measured during the first 24 h after admission for ADHF, namely high IAP (IAP>15 mmHg) and low (IAP< 15 mmHg). Fourteen patients were included in each group. No differences were found in baseline clinical characteristics, comorbidities or treatment between both groups. Patients with IAP above 15 mmHg, showed a significant lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (70.7 vs. 44.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 with p=0.004], blood urea 36 vs. 83 mg/dL with p=0.002]; serum creatinine 0.87 vs. 1.3 mg/dL with p=0.004 and cystatin C 1.2 vs. 1.94 mg/dL with p= 0.002. Additionally, these patients had higher uric acid (5.7 vs. 8.0, p=0.046), lower hemoglobin concentrations (11.7 vs. 10.5 g/L, p=0.04) and longer length of hospital stay (6.5 vs. 9.6 days, p=0.017). Conclusions: The increase in IAP seems to be a frequent finding in patients admitted for ADHF. Patients share similar clinical profile irrespective of IAP, although the increase in IAP is associated with a significant baseline impairment of renal function
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