El seguimiento de los objetivos de desarrollo del milenio: oportunidades y retos para los sistemas nacionales de estadística

Incluye BibliografíaJosé Luis Cervera es consultor de la División de Estadística y Proyecciones Económicas (DEPE) de la CEPAL. Las opiniones expresadas en este documento, que no ha sido sometido a revisión editorial, son de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores y pueden no coincidir con las de la Organización. La División de Estadística y Proyecciones Económicas agradece a los Organismos Nacionales de Estadísticas de la región su colaboración en la respuesta a los cuestionarios elaborados como base informativa del estudio. Resumen El presente estudio describe las implicaciones que tiene el seguimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) en la actividad de los Sistemas Estadísticos Nacionales (SEN) en la región de América Latina y el Caribe, en términos de los desafíos que presenta la cuantificación de los indicadores que han sido establecidos internacionalmente para este fin, y de las oportunidades que puede presentar esta tarea para consolidar dichos sistemas, en torno a los Institutos Nacionales de Estadística. Responde a una inquietud de la Conferencia de Estadística de las Américas y ofrece versión extensa de un documento presentado en la Tercera Sesión de la Conferencia, realizada en Santiago de Chile, junio de 2005.. El establecimiento de metas numéricas para el seguimiento de los ODM exige contar con datos estadísticos procedentes de Censos de Población y Hogares, encuestas a hogares, registros sanitarios y educativos y otras fuentes de información que satisfagan las exigencias de los usuarios. Los SEN deben aumentar la disponibilidad temática y temporal de los datos, y asegurar la compatibilidad entre su relevancia para las necesidades nacionales e internacionales. En un marco de recursos financieros y humanos restringido, el uso eficiente de estos recursos es una exigencia para los SEN.. El estudio, basado en información procedente de los INEs de la región y de documentación nacional e internacional, concluye con una serie de recomendaciones a las autoridades estadísticas nacionales y a la comunidad internacional para mejorar el seguimiento de los ODM. Las recomendaciones se centran en los aspectos de planificación y coordinación de los SEN, del aumento de la disponibilidad de fuentes, de mejora del acceso y uso de las estadísticas para el diseño de políticas, y de mejora de la capacidad de seguimiento internacional de los ODM. El mensaje difundido alrededor de la importancia de la estadística para las políticas de desarrollo es claro: si no puede medirse, no puede gestionarse

Policy indicators from private online platforms

[EN] The information collected by private online platforms is very relevant for policy design and evaluation. Big data technologies and applications can unlock the potential of these increasing data volumes and analysis requirements for decision-makers in industry and policy and make them usable. However, the use of big data to inform public policy decision-making is still scarce. To contribute to fill this gap, this paper proposes and discusses some relevant examples of policy indicators that could be obtained from selected and reliable online private gamified and non-gamified platforms. The proposed indicators are SMART indicators that are relevant for policymaking, in particular construction soustenability and territorial policies.Proposed indicators can be computed using one of a combination of the following strategies: • Point-process estimation, to be obtained just by aggregating the value of a variable. • Distance-based estimation: the value of the indicator is obtained as the aggregation of a pre-defined distance measure: geodesic distance, shortest driving/walking/public transportation distance, etc • Area estimation. Supervised machine learning algorithms can be used to identify and measure the percentage of an area with a given relevant feature. • Neighbourhood structure estimation: Graph theory can be applied to the definition of connection indicators of geographical units. • Gamification of configuration or recommendation private platforms. Information downloaded from gamified private environments cane be used as an alternative to more resource demanding economic experiments in order to define behavioural pocily indicators.Cervera-Ferri, JL.; Gomez, Y.; Vila, J. (2022). Policy indicators from private online platforms. En 4th International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics (CARMA 2022). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 280-280. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/18971228028

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Estadísticas e indicadores de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en América Latina y el Caribe

Documento de apoyo, n. 1Documento de apoyo de la Primera reunión de la Conferencia Estadística de las Américas de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, realizada en la sede de la CEPAL, en Santiago de Chile, del 9 al 11 de mayo de 2001

The millennium development goals: strategic implications for the Latin American and Caribbean statistical systems

Includes bibliographyThis document was prepared by José Luis Cervera-Ferri, Consultant, ECLAC, and Hubert Escaith, ECLAC Statistics and Economic Projections Division, based on José L. Cervera Ferri, El seguimiento de los objetivos de desarrollo del Milenio: oportunidades y retos para los Sistemas Nacionales de Estadística, Serie No.39, Estudios estadsiticos y propectivos (LC/L.2458-P) Santiago, Chile, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), December 2005. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization. Summary This document synthesizes and updates the results of a research programme conducted at the request of the Statistical Conference of the Americas (SCA). It builds upon a first report, available in Spanish, which was prepared by José L. Cervera-Ferri, consultant at the Statistics and Economic Projections Division of the ECLAC. It was based, inter alia, on the answers to an ECLAC questionnaire circulated to the National Statistical Offices (NSOs) of the region in 2005 regarding the "institutional aspects of monitoring the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the response of the National Statistical Systems (NSS) in producing the necessary indicators. The objective was to analyze the way information gathered by the diverse entities that form the NSS in the region is systematized at national level, and identify the role NSOs should take as rector and coordinator of the NSS. This questionnaire was the first step in a 2005-2007 programme of research and technical assistance conducted by the Statistics and Economic Projections Division of the ECLAC, with a view of strengthening technical and institutional capacities in the region. Intermediary results were presented and discussed at the Third Statistical Conference of the Americas, in June 2005. In November 2006, a regional seminar was organized by ECLAC to update the evaluation of the NSOs' situation with regard to the MDGs. This meeting was the opportunity to review the changes that occur since 2005, and analyse the best regional practices. The present document identifies six main challenges facing the national statistical systems in following-up the MDGs, ranging from expanding the availability of data to securing the proper institutional and financial context. These challenges are interrelated, and therefore the coordination of the national statistical systems should be viewed as a strategic priority. In addition to strengthening the systemic coherence of the various national statistical actors, the report identifies a series of technical issues that require specific attention in view of coordinating the monitoring of the MDGs. Monitoring the MDGs provides also opportunities for strengthening national statistical systems. Indeed, the follow-up to the MDGs has helped generating national, regional and international discussions a policy level on the importance of statistical information in the development process. The document revises these opportunities and proposes a strategy that engages all the statistics-generating agencies in each Latin American and Caribbean country. The Statistical Conference of the Americas has taken the lead in this respect, by formally including the monitoring of the MDGs as one of the main dimension of its 2005-2015 strategic plan. The document underlines the specific role of the SCA for the development of the statistical capabilities in Latin America and the Caribbean and for bridging the existing gaps between national and international MDG indicators. It is also offers some preliminary and partial answers from Latin America and the Caribbean to the call of the United Nations Statistical Commission' s Friends of the Chair on MDGs indicators asking Regional Commissions to "conduct studies of the ability of countries to provide reliable data on MDG indicators"."

Indicadores de producción verde: una guía para avanzar hacia el desarrollo sostenible

Este documento es el resultado del proyecto “Hacia un conjunto de indicadores para una producción más verde” financiado por CEPAL y el Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo de Canadá (CIID), cuyo objetivo fue desarrollar conocimientos específicos para impulsar el diseño y la recolección de indicadores regionales armonizados sobre producción sostenible e incorporación de tecnologías verdes en empresas de América Latina y el Caribe. La guía contiene un conjunto de recomendaciones metodológicas, de aplicación voluntaria. No obstante, se espera que el seguimiento de estos lineamientos facilite la producción de datos (proporcionando instrumentos de fácil adaptación por parte de los países) y aumente su comparabilidad. La producción y difusión de datos armonizados internacionalmente sobre producción verde facilitará a los responsables de las políticas industriales y medioambientales, además de a las empresas y a la sociedad en general, comprender mejor los procesos y las prácticas medioambientales de las empresas y tomar decisiones adecuadas para reducir los efectos nocivos de la industrialización,favorecer un crecimiento respetuoso con el medio ambiente, y aprovechar nuevas oportunidades económicas, en línea con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS).Resumen .-- I. Antecedentes y objetivos .-- II. Economía sostenible y producción verde: concepto, definición y cobertura .-- III. Metodología para la definición del Sistema de Indicadores sobre Producción Verde .-- IV. Descripción del Sistema de indicadores de Producción Verde (SIPV) .-- V. Módulo sobre producción verde .-- VI. Correspondencia entre el sistema de indicadores y la propuesta de módulo .-- VII. Otros aspectos metodológicos

Green production indicators, a guide for moving towards sustainable development

This publication is the outcome of a project entitled “Towards a set of indicators for greener production”, co-financed by ECLAC and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada, the objective of which was to develop specific knowledge for promoting the design and compilation of harmonized regional indicators on sustainable production and the incorporation of green technologies in firms of Latin America and the Caribbean. The guide should be seen as a set of methodological recommendations for voluntary application. Nevertheless, it is hoped that the use of these guidelines will facilitate the production of data (providing instruments that countries can readily adapt) and enhance their comparability. The production and dissemination of internationally harmonized data on green production will help policymakers in the industrial and environmental areas, as well as businesses and society in general, to understand more thoroughly the environmental processes and practices of firms and allow them to take appropriate decisions for reducing the harmful effects of industrialization, to promote environmentally friendly growth, and to seize new economic opportunities in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Introduction .-- I. Background and objectives .-- II. Sustainable economy and green production: concept, definitions and coverage .-- III. Methodology for defining the System of Green Production Indicators .-- IV. Description of the System of Green Production Indicators (SGPI) .-- V. Module on green production .-- VI. Correspondence between the system of indicators and the proposed module .-- VII. Other methodological aspects