Puente miocárdico asociado a lesiones cardiovasculares en bovinos adultos de la raza canchim

BACKGROUND: The influence that myocardial bridge exercises over blood stream in the course of arterial segment under the bridge has been discussed by the scientific community. OBJECTIVE: To compare ultrastructural muscle tissue of myocardial bridge and the ventricular wall; to analyze the degree of injury to the tunica intima of the arterial segments, and look for possible changes that may precede or initiate the process of atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS: Forty Canchim bovine hearts were studied regarding alterations of the tunica intima from coronary arteries on the different myocardial bridge segments. For the microscopic examination, hematoxylin-eosin and fuchsin-resorcin staining following conventional microscope techniques were made. For the electronic microscopic examination, myocardial Bridge segments from twelve Canchim bovine hearts were collected from the ventricle wall and coronary artery and were processed according to conventional techniques. RESULTS: In the light microscopy, a higher frequency of lesions on prepontine and postpontine segments of the tunica intima was observed, compared to the pontine segment. Tunica intima thickenings were followed by a disarrangement on the internal elastic limitant lamina. These cells often presented their cytoplasmas engorged by lipidic drops, making up the so-called foam cells. Electronic microscopy revealed that the muscular fibers of the myocardial bridge are usually joined in a straight and smooth way presenting lateral branches with a greater number of mitochondria in the ventricular muscle than in the bridge. CONCLUSION: There are few differences between the muscle tissues studied; intimae lesions are less frequent in pontine regions compared to pre and post-pontine regions.FUNDAMENTO: La influencia que el puente miocárdico ejerce sobre la corriente sanguínea en el transcurso del segmento arterial bajo el puente, ha sido objeto de discusión por parte de la comunidad científica. OBJECTIVO: Comparar el tejido muscular ultra estructural del puente miocárdico y la pared ventricular; analizar el grado de lesión de la capa íntima de los segmentos arteriales e investigar posibles cambios que pueden preceder o iniciar el proceso de lesiones ateroscleróticas. MÉTODO: Cuarenta corazones bovinos de la raza Canchim fueron estudiados con respecto a las alteraciones de la capa íntima de las arterias coronarias en los diferentes segmentos del puente miocárdico. Para el examen microscópico, se hicieron coloraciones por hematoxilina-eosina y fucsina-resorcina secundando las técnicas microscópicas convencionales. Para el examen de microscopía electrónica, los segmentos del puente miocárdico de doce corazones de bovinos de la raza Canchim, fueron recolectados así como de la pared ventricular y de la arteria coronaria y fueron procesados de acuerdo con las técnicas convencionales. RESULTADOS: En la microscopía de luz, observamos una mayor frecuencia de lesiones en segmentos de pre puente y pos-puente de la capa íntima, en comparación con el segmento puente. Los espesamientos de la capa íntima vinieron acompañados por un desarreglo en la lámina limitante elástica interna. Esas células a menudo presentan sus citoplasmas ingurgitados por gotas lipídicas, lo que compone las llamadas células de espuma. La microscopía electrónica reveló que las fibras musculares del puente miocárdico generalmente se unen de forma recta y lisa, presentando ramas laterales con un número mayor de mitocondrias en el músculo ventricular que en el puente. CONCLUSIONES: Existen pocas diferencias entre los tejidos musculares estudiados. Las lesiones de la capa íntima son menos frecuentes en las regiones del puente en comparación con las regiones pre y pos puente.FUNDAMENTO: A influência que a ponte miocárdica exerce sobre a corrente sanguínea no curso do segmento arterial sob a ponte tem sido objeto de discussão pela comunidade científica. OBJETIVO: Comparar o tecido muscular ultraestrutural da ponte miocárdica e a parede ventricular; analisar o grau de lesão da camada íntima dos segmentos arteriais e investigar possíveis mudanças que podem preceder ou iniciar o processo de lesões ateroscleróticas. MÉTODOS: Quarenta corações bovinos da raça Canchim foram estudados em relação às alterações da camada íntima das artérias coronarianas nos diferentes segmentos de ponte miocárdica. Para o exame microscópico, foram feitas colorações por hematoxilina-eosina e fucsina-resorcina seguindo técnicas microscópicas convencionais. Para o exame de microscopia eletrônica, os segmentos da ponte miocárdica de doze corações bovinos Canchim foram coletados a partir da parede ventricular e da artéria coronariana e foram processados de acordo com técnicas convencionais. RESULTADOS: Na microscopia de luz, foi observada maior frequência de lesões em segmentos pré-ponte e pós-ponte da camada íntima, em comparação ao segmento ponte. Espessamentos da camada íntima foram seguidos por um desarranjo na lâmina limitante elástica interna. Essas células frequentemente apresentaram seus citoplasmas ingurgitados por gotas lipídicas, compondo as chamadas células de espuma. A microscopia eletrônica revelou que as fibras musculares da ponte miocárdica geralmente se unem de forma reta e lisa apresentando ramos laterais com um número maior de mitocôndrias no músculo ventricular do que na ponte. CONCLUSÃO: Há poucas diferenças entre os tecidos musculares estudados; lesões da camada íntima são menos frequentes em regiões da ponte em comparação com as regiões pré e pós-ponte.Universidade Federal de UberlândiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

La aplicación por parte de la Superintendencia de Control de Poder de Mercado extraterritorial del derecho de competencia ecuatoriano al marco de una economía globalizada

The international economic integration had been a well-known effect of globalization. The interrelation and dependency in different economies around the globe is higher and stretcher. Producing a distinct situation, where the effects of a conduct can reach and influence a market situated in another continent. Therefore, various jurisdictions had developed different institutions that extend the reach of the jurisdictional prevention, control and sanction of a conduct outside its territory. However, parallel to the deepening of the extension, the limitations had also been strengthen in order to achieve a responsible exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction. The Ley Orgánica de Regulación de Control de Poder de Mercado includes the possibility of initiating administrative proceedings to sanction foreign conducts that produce a detriment in Ecuadorian markets. Thus, this dissertation will analyze the scope of the article 2 of the law and by analyzing the uttermost jurisprudence in the subject. Subsequently, I will propose a series of imperative recommendations, which will limit the unavoidable extension of jurisdiction.La integración de la economía internacional ha sido generada por la cada vez más alta globalización del mundo en el que vivimos. Cada vez la interrelación y la dependencia es mayor a nivel mundial ocasionando situaciones donde los efectos de una conducta generada a miles de kilómetros de distancia puede dar lugar a una distorsión en el mercado ecuatoriano. De esta manera, varias jurisdicciones han desarrollado su normativa de competencia y han extendido la misma para evitar, detener y sancionar los efectos desplegados por conductas generadas fuera de su jurisdicción. Pero esta extensión ha sido limitada por el desarrollo jurisprudencial y normativo, entendiendo que las limitaciones son necesarias en el correcto y responsable ejercicio extraterritorial de la normativa de competencia. La Ley Orgánica de Regulación de Control de Poder de Mercado no es una excepción, amparando bajo el artículo 2 la posibilidad de sancionar conductas extranjeras que puedan o produzcan efectos perjudiciales dentro del mercado ecuatoriano. En esta tesina, analizaremos el alcance del artículo 2 de la norma antes mencionada y luego de un análisis de derecho comparado de la jurisprudencia más relevante en el tema, propondré una serié de recomendaciones; ante la imperativa necesidad de una regulación

Impact Of Treatment For Bacterial Vaginosis On Prematurity Among Brazilian Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Bacterial vaginosis has been associated with prematurity and other perinatal complications. However, the efficacy of the treatment for preventing such complications has not yet been well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of treatment for bacterial vaginosis on a low-risk population of Brazilian pregnant women, in order to prevent prematurity and other perinatal complications. Observational retrospective cohort study, at the Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). Vaginal bacterioscopy results from 785 low-risk pregnant women were studied. Three different groups of women were identified: 580 without bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy, 134 with bacterial vaginosis treated using imidazoles (metronidazole, tinidazole, or secnidazole) during pregnancy, and 71 with bacterial vaginosis not treated during pregnancy. The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis was based on Nugent's criteria, from the vaginal bacterioscopy performed during the first prenatal care visit. The frequency of prematurity was 5.5% among the women without bacterial vaginosis, 22.5% among those with untreated bacterial vaginosis and 3.7% among those with treated bacterial vaginosis. The risk ratios for perinatal complications were significantly higher in the group with untreated bacterial vaginosis: premature rupture of membranes, 7.5 (95% CI: 1.9-34.9); preterm labor, 3.4 (95% CI: 1.4-8.1); preterm birth, 6.0 (95% CI: 1.9-19.7); and low birth weight, 4.2 (95% CI: 1.2-14.3). The treatment of bacterial vaginosis significantly reduced the rates of prematurity and other perinatal complications among these low-risk Brazilian pregnant women, regardless of the history of previous preterm delivery.123108-1

Mapping and Scheduling in Heterogeneous NoC through Population-Based Incremental Learning

ABSTRACT: Network-on-Chip (NoC) is a growing and promising communication paradigm for Multiprocessor-System-On-Chip (MPSoC) design, because of its scalability and performance features. In designing such systems, mapping and scheduling are becoming critical stages, because of the increase of both size of the network and application’s complexity. Some reported solutions solve each issue independently. However, a conjoint approach for solving mapping and scheduling allows to take into account both computation and communication objectives simultaneously. This paper shows a mapping and scheduling solution, which is based on a Population-Based Incremental Learning (PBIL) algorithm. The simulation results suggest that our PBIL approach is able to find optimal mapping and scheduling, in a multi-objective fashion. A 2-D heterogeneous mesh was used as target architecture for implementation, although the PBIL representation is suited to deal with more complex architectures, such as 3-D meshes

WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: como solução e fator logístico

O Sistema de Gerenciamento de Armazém (WMS) é uma das mais importantes ferramentas do meiologístico, porém, devido à cultura predominante no Brasil, é pouco difundida. A utilização correta da ferramentapode responder a diversos desafios logísticos causados pelo crescimento empresarial, como utilização do espaçofísico, da multicanalidade e da necessidade de integração com os canais de venda. A flexibilidade de adaptação àrealidade do negócio de uma ferramenta de WMS pode representar o fracasso ou o sucesso de uma implantação