Trust and Privacy Solutions Based on Holistic Service Requirements

The products and services designed for Smart Cities provide the necessary tools to improve the management of modern cities in a more efficient way. These tools need to gather citizens’ information about their activity, preferences, habits, etc. opening up the possibility of tracking them. Thus, privacy and security policies must be developed in order to satisfy and manage the legislative heterogeneity surrounding the services provided and comply with the laws of the country where they are provided. This paper presents one of the possible solutions to manage this heterogeneity, bearing in mind these types of networks, such as Wireless Sensor Networks, have important resource limitations. A knowledge and ontology management system is proposed to facilitate the collaboration between the business, legal and technological areas. This will ease the implementation of adequate specific security and privacy policies for a given service. All these security and privacy policies are based on the information provided by the deployed platforms and by expert system processing

Sobre verbos denominales: construcciones causativas y de localización

Los verbos denominales están formados a partir de una base sustantiva. Estos verbos pueden expresar diferentes tipos de contenido semántico; en este artículo nos centramos en aquellos que manifiestan significado causativo y local. Concretamente, se analizan los verbos denominales causativos y los verbos denominales locales y se demuestra la necesidad de diferenciar un subgrupo de verbos denominales causativo-localizadores en los que es tan relevante el contenido causativo como el local. En estos verbos, la figura que se localiza no es previa a la localización, como sucede en el caso de los esquemas puramente locales, sino que surge como resultado de la acción causativa. Por lo tanto, estos verbos expresan localización y causatividad de forma intrínseca y no de forma circunstancial.We form denominal causative verbs from nouns. Although these verbs can express different kinds of meaning, we will focus here on causative and local meanings. Specifically, we will analyze denominal causative verbs and denominal local verbs, showing, thus, the need to differentiate a subgroup of denominal causative-local verbs, where causative meaning proves to be as important as local meaning. In these verbs, the localised figure doesn’t show prior to location, as it happens in the case of typical local schemas, but emerges as a result of the causative action. Therefore, denominal causative-local verbs express location and causativity inherently and not accidentally.Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias al proyecto de investigación HUM2006-09429/FILO, financiado por el M.E.C

Downstream processing of Isochrysis galbana: a step towards microalgal biorefinery

An algae-based biorefinery relies on the efficient use of algae biomass through its fractionation of several valuable/bioactive compounds that can be used in industry. If this biorefinery includes green platforms as downstream processing technologies able to fulfill the requirements of green chemistry, it will end-up with sustainable processes. In the present study, a downstream processing platform has been developed to extract bioactive compounds from the microalga Isochrysis galbana using various pressurized green solvents. Extractions were performed in four sequential steps using (1) supercritical CO2 (ScCO2), (2) ScCO2/ethanol (Gas Expanded Liquid, GXL), (3) pure ethanol, and (4) pure water as solvents, respectively. The residue of the extraction step was used as the raw material for the next extraction. Optimization of the ScCO2 extraction was performed by factorial design in order to maximize carotenoid extraction. During the second step, different percentages of ethanol were evaluated (15%, 45% and 75%) in order to maximize the extraction yield of fucoxanthin, the main carotenoid present in this alga; the extraction of polar lipids was also an aim. The third and fourth steps were performed with the objective of recovering fractions with high antioxidant activity, eventually rich in carbohydrates and proteins. The green downstream platform developed in this study produced different extracts with potential for application in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Therefore, a good approach for complete revalorization of the microalgae biomass is proposed, by using processes complying with the green chemistry principlesThe authors acknowledge funding from the EU MIRACLES project (7th Framework Program - Grant Agreement No. 613588). B.G.L. thanks MINECO (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) for her Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral research contract. M.H. thanks MINECO for his Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral research contract

Effects of Bifidobacterium longum Subsp. infantis CECT 7210 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Combined or Not With Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin, on Weaned Pigs Orally Challenged With Salmonella Typhimurium

Salmonella is a common causative agent of enteric disease and is developing mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials. Probiotics, such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and prebiotic fibers are a potential alternative to counteract this pathogen as they have demonstrated effectiveness in preventing its adhesion, reducing intestinal damage, and enhancing the host immune system. Furthermore, the benefits are expected to be potentiated when these compounds are administered together. A trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of two probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 (Laboratorios Ordesa S.L.) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, combined or not with a prebiotic containing oligofructose-enriched inulin, against Salmonella Typhimurium. Ninety-six piglets (28 days old) were distributed into 32 pens assigned to 5 treatments: one non-challenged (control diet, CTR+) and four challenged: control diet (CTR−) or supplemented with probiotics (>3 × 10 10 cfu/kg each strain, PRO), prebiotic (5%, PRE), or their combination (SYN). After 1 week of adaptation, animals were orally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Feed intake, weight, and clinical signs were recorded. On days 4 and 8 post-inoculation (PI), one animal per pen was euthanized, and samples from blood, digestive content, and ileal tissues were collected to determine Salmonella counts, fermentation products, ileal histomorphology, and serum TNF-α and Pig-MAP concentrations. The effect of the oral challenge was evidenced by animal performance, fecal consistency, and intestinal architecture. Regarding the experimental treatments, animals belonging to the PRO group experienced a faster clearance of the pathogen, with more pigs being negative to its excretion at the end of the study and recovering the impaired ileal villi/crypt ratio more rapidly. Animals receiving the PRE diet showed a lower intestinal colonization by Salmonella, with no countable levels (<3 cfu/g) in any of the analyzed samples, and an augmented immune response suggested by serum Pig-MAP concentrations. Treatments including the prebiotic (PRE and SYN) showed similar changes in the fermentation pattern, with an increase in the molar percentage of valeric acid concentration in the colon. The SYN group, however, did not show any of the outcomes registered for PRO and PRE in Salmonella colonization or in immunity markers, suggesting the lack of synbiotic action in this animal model. Further research is needed to better understand the complex mechanisms behind these effects

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Two planets on opposite sides of the radius gap transiting the nearby M dwarf LTT 3780

Full list of authors: Nowak, G.; Luque, R.; Parviainen, H.; Pallé, E.; Molaverdikhani, K.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Lillo-Box, J.; Rodríguez-López, C.; Caballero, J. A.; Zechmeister, M.; Passegger, V. M.; Cifuentes, C.; Schweitzer, A.; Narita, N.; Cale, B.; Espinoza, N.; Murgas, F.; Hidalgo, D.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Pozuelos, F. J.; Aceituno, F. J.; Amado, P. J.; Barkaoui, K.; Barrado, D.; Bauer, F. F.; Benkhaldoun, Z.; Caldwell, D. A.; Casasayas Barris, N.; Chaturvedi, P.; Chen, G.; Collins, K. A.; Collins, K. I.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Crossfield, I. J. M.; de León, J. P.; Díez Alonso, E.; Dreizler, S.; El Mufti, M.; Esparza-Borges, E.; Essack, Z.; Fukui, A.; Gaidos, E.; Gillon, M.; Gonzales, E. J.; Guerra, P.; Hatzes, A.; Henning, Th.; Herrero, E.; Hesse, K.; Hirano, T.; Howell, S. B.; Jeffers, S. V.; Jehin, E.; Jenkins, J. M.; Kaminski, A.; Kemmer, J.; Kielkopf, J. F.; Kossakowski, D.; Kotani, T.; Kürster, M.; Lafarga, M.; Latham, D. W.; Law, N.; Lissauer, J. J.; Lodieu, N.; Madrigal-Aguado, A.; Mann, A. W.; Massey, B.; Matson, R. A.; Matthews, E.; Montañés-Rodríguez, P.; Montes, D.; Morales, J. C.; Mori, M.; Nagel, E.; Oshagh, M.; Pedraz, S.; Plavchan, P.; Pollacco, D.; Quirrenbach, A.; Reffert, S.; Reiners, A.; Ribas, I.; Ricker, G. R.; Rose, M. E.; Schlecker, M.; Schlieder, J. E.; Seager, S.; Stangret, M.; Stock, S.; Tamura, M.; Tanner, A.; Teske, J.; Trifonov, T.; Twicken, J. D.; Vanderspek, R.; Watanabe, D.; Wittrock, J.; Ziegler, C.; Zohrabi, F.We present the discovery and characterisation of two transiting planets observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) orbiting the nearby (d∗ ≈ 22 pc), bright (J ≈ 9 mag) M3.5 dwarf LTT 3780 (TOI-732). We confirm both planets and their association with LTT 3780 via ground-based photometry and determine their masses using precise radial velocities measured with the CARMENES spectrograph. Precise stellar parameters determined from CARMENES high-resolution spectra confirm that LTT 3780 is a mid-M dwarf with an effective temperature of Teff = 3360 ± 51 K, a surface gravity of log g∗ = 4.81 ± 0.04 (cgs), and an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = 0.09 ± 0.16 dex, with an inferred mass of M∗ = 0.379 ± 0.016M· and a radius of R∗ = 0.382 ± 0.012R·. The ultra-short-period planet LTT 3780 b (Pb = 0.77 d) with a radius of 1.35-0.06+0.06 R·, a mass of 2.34-0.23+0.24 M·, and a bulk density of 5.24-0.81+0.94 g cm-3 joins the population of Earth-size planets with rocky, terrestrial composition. The outer planet, LTT 3780 c, with an orbital period of 12.25 d, radius of 2.42-0.10+0.10 R·, mass of 6.29-0.61+0.63 M·, and mean density of 2.45-0.37+0.44 g cm-3 belongs to the population of dense sub-Neptunes. With the two planets located on opposite sides of the radius gap, this planetary system is anexcellent target for testing planetary formation, evolution, and atmospheric models. In particular, LTT 3780 c is an ideal object for atmospheric studies with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). © 2020 ESO.CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 "Blue Planets around Red Stars", the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. We acknowledge the use of public TOI Release data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This article is partly based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos Sanchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. This work makes use of observations acquired with the T150 telescope at Sierra Nevada Observatory, operated by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAACSIC). Some of the Observations in the paper made use of the High-Resolution Imaging instrument 'Alopeke at Gemini-North. `Alopeke was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and built at the NASA Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. IRD is operated by the Astrobiology Center of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences. The research leading to these results has received funding from the ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions, financed by the WalloniaBrussels Federation. TRAPPIST is funded by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique, FNRS) under the grant FRFC 2.5.594.09.F, with the participation of the Swiss National Science Fundation (SNF). TRAPPIST-North is a project funded by the University of Liege (Belgium), in collaboration with Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech (Morocco) M.G. and E.J. are F.R.S.-FNRS Senior Research Associate. The authors acknowledge funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness through projects PGC2018-098153-B-C31 and AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP18H01265 and JP18H05439, and JST PRESTO Grant Number JPMJPR1775. V.M.P. acknowledges support from NASA Grant NNX17AG24G. T.H. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 Framework Program via the ERC Advanced Grant Origins 83 24 28. This research has been partially funded by Project No. MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" -Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC). This research acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709) and project AYA2016-794425

Niveles inmunitarios contra fiebre aftosa en bovinos del Urabá antioqueño 1978 - 1985

This paper discribes the results of the protection status of cattle against Foot-and- Mouth Disease (FMD) found during the 1978 to 1985 period. One of the vaccination cycles was considered for each year, and a statistical representative random sample was calculated for both, young and adult cattle. Animals were bled at day 90 postvaccination and neutralizing antibody titers against FMD types A and 0 were assayed by neutralization test in microtiter plates, using BHK21 cells. The value of 1.5 log was considered to discriminate protected from unprotected cattle. During the analyzed period, in young cattle, the percentages of protection against the virus type A ranged from 25.6 to 64.4%, and against the type 0 from 27.9 to 74.2%. The estimated percentages of protection in adult cattle, ranged from 23.1 to 87.7% against the virus type A and from 42.8 to 88.8% against the type 0. The estimated percentages of protection found in adult cattle were, in most of the years, higher (P < 0.05) than those found in young cattle. In the latter category, the inmune response against the virus type 0 was higher than that against the type A. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05) in 1979, 1980, 1981 and 1982. From the above results a satisfactory protection status against FMD was deduced, specially since 1980 which has been reflected in a remarkable reduction of FMD outbreaks in this region. Besides, it was confirmed the efficacy of massive and systematic vaccination procedures, complemented by other actions such as control of cattle movement and severe epidemiologic surveillance.Se describen los resultados de la evaluación continuada del estado de protección contra fiebre aftosa (F.A.) en la población bovina del Urabá antioqueño, durante 1978 a 1985. Para cada año se consideró uno de los ciclos de vacunación y se determinó una muestra estadísticamente representativa de bovinos jóvenes y adultos. Estos fueron sangrados a los 90 días post-vacunación y sus títulos de anticuerpos contra los virus tipos A y O evaluados mediante la técnica de seroneutralización en placa, utilizando células BHK sub 21. Se consideró el valor 1.5 log como título discriminante entre protección y no protección. Durante el período analizado, en los bovinos jóvenes los valores estimados de protección contra el virus tipo A oscilaron entre 25.6 y 64.4 por ciento y contra el tipo O, entre 27.9 y 74.2 por ciento. En los adultos, los valores estimados de protección fluctuaron entre 23.1 y 87.7 por ciento para el virus tipo A y entre 42.8 y 88.8 por ciento para el virus tipo O. El procentaje estimado de bovinos adultos protegidos contra F.A. fue en la mayoría de los años superior (P menor que 0.05) al encontrado en los jóvenes, en los cuales la respuesta inmune fue mayor para el virus tipo O que para el tipo A, siendo la diferencia estadísticamente significativa (P menor que 0.05) en los años 1979, 1980, 1981 y 1982. De los resultados se dedujo que la protección contra F.A. fue satisfactoria, especialmente a partir de 1980, reflejada en una disminución notoria del número de focos en la región, lo cual confirma la eficacia de los programas masivos y sistemáticos de vacunación, complementados con medidas de control de movilización de animales y una drástica vigilancia epidemiológica.Ganado de leche-Ganadería lech

Comparación de la efectividad del láser Diodo Helio-Neón en los procesos de oseointegración de implantes dentales en conejos new zealand

Objetivo: evaluar los cambios histológicos producidos por el uso del láser helioneónen la cicatrización de tejidos óseos, alrededor de implantes dentales oseointegradosen conejos new zealand, durante 30 días (4 primeras semanas) conaplicaciones, cada 72 horas a una exposición de 7 minutos por sesión.Métodos y materiales: el estudio fue experimental in vivo, se utilizaron 15 conejosde la raza new zealand; a los cuales se les practicó cirugía de implante enel área de la tibia, a nivel de fascia crural sobre el cuerpo medial del hueso. Paraesta investigación se utilizaron implantes marca IMETI®, con un diámetro de 3mm x 4 mm, de titanio clase V. Se siguió el protocolo de fresado establecido porla casa comercial. Finalizado el procedimiento, se formaron tres grupos, G1 conimplante y láser, G2 implante sin láser, y un tercer grupo sin ninguna intervención.Resultados: en G1, el láser produjo mayor vascularización, aumento de osteoblastosy de osteocitos en la cuarta semana especialmente. Zonas de hemorragiay discontinuidad de la malla de osteoide se describen con más frecuencia en elgrupo tratado con láser que en el control.Conclusiones: se demostró que el uso del láser helio-neón en la cirugía deimplantes acelera la cicatrización ósea obteniendo como resultado una disminuciónen los tiempos de oseointegración

Inventario de Daños y Efectos Geológicos Co y/o Post-Sísmicos del Sismo Ocurrido el 18 de mayo de 1875, en la Frontera entre Colombia y Venezuela

On the border between Colombia and Venezuela, have occurred seismic events with important records of damage in both countries. In this paper, we study the historical earthquake that took place on May 18, 1875 between 11.15 and 11.30 in the morning (the time was the same for communities in both countries since there was no time zone difference), which is catalogued as a border earthquake due to the report of damages in the cities of both nations. The community of San José de Cúcuta, current capital of the Northern State of Santander, Colombia, registered the greatest number of deaths and damage to buildings. An inventory of the geological damage and co -seismic and postseismic effects was created based on information of previous studies and data obtained from archival primary sources from Colombia and Venezuela. The result is a bi-national database, which includes the summaries of historical descriptions with the effects in the persons and objects, the geological damages and effects observed during the seismic event. These data has led to the creation of a table of MM and EMS-98 intensities, which enables the identification and delimitation of the regions of greater damages. The maximum level intensity is I=10 in the cities of San José de Cúcuta, Villa del Rosario, Pueblo de Cúcuta (San Luis) in Colombia and San Antonio, San Juan de Ureña in Venezuela. Moreover, we formulated a table of intensities using the ESI-2007 INQUA scale, based on the information of geological observations described in historical documents. These data are related to the epicentral zone with an approximate radius of 30 km.Published105-2635T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismicaN/A or not JC

EEG evaluation in a neuropsychological intervention program based on virtual reality in adults with Parkinson’s disease

Nowadays, several strategies for treating neuropsychologic function loss in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been proposed, such as physical activity performance and developing games to exercise the mind. However, few studies illustrate the incidence of these therapies in neuronal activity. This work aims to study the feasibility of a virtual reality-based program oriented to the cognitive functions’ rehabilitation of PD patients. For this, the study was divided into intervention with the program, acquisition of signals, data processing, and results analysis. The alpha and beta bands’ power behavior was determined by evaluating the electroencephalography (EEG) signals obtained during the execution of control tests and games of the “Hand Physics Lab” Software, from which five games related to attention, planning, and sequencing, concentration, and coordination were taken. Results showed the characteristic performance of the cerebral bands during resting states and activity states. In addition, it was determined that the beta band increased its activity in all the cerebral lobes in all the tested games (p-value < 0.05). On the contrary, just one game exhibited an adequate performance of the alpha band activity of the temporal and frontal lobes (p-value < 0.02). Furthermore, the visual attention and the capacity to process and interpret the information given by the surroundings was favored during the execution of trials (p-value < 0.05); thus, the efficacy of the virtual reality program to recover cognitive functions was verified. The study highlights implementing new technologies to rehabilitate people with neurodegenerative diseases

Magnetic nanoparticles penetration and transport in planta

Resumen del póster presentado en la 9th International Conference on the Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Carriers, celebrada en Minneapolis (Estados Unidos) del 22 al 26 de mayo de 2012.Magnetic nanoparticles are very suitable for a broad range of applications, like those involving synthesis and use of ferrofluids for bio-applications in general. In medicine the aim is to use them in diagnosis as well as in therapy. The ongoing research and results obtained up to now in these fields open a wide range of possibilities for using magnetic nanoparticles in other disciplines, for example in general plant research and agronomy. To study the use of nanoparticles in agriculture the first stage is to work out the penetration and transport into living plants and plant cells. We present here an overview of the research carried out within the scope of an interdisciplinary collaboration, on how inorganic nanoparticles interact with plant cells and tissues.