La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Cognitive fitness of cost-efficient brain functional networks

The human brain's capacity for cognitive function is thought to depend on coordinated activity in sparsely connected, complex networks organized over many scales of space and time. Recent work has demonstrated that human brain networks constructed from neuroimaging data have economical small-world properties that confer high efficiency of information processing at relatively low connection cost. However, it has been unclear how the architecture of complex brain networks functioning at different frequencies can be related to behavioral performance on cognitive tasks. Here, we show that impaired accuracy of working memory could be related to suboptimal cost efficiency of brain functional networks operating in the classical β frequency band, 15–30 Hz. We analyzed brain functional networks derived from magnetoencephalography data recorded during working-memory task performance in 29 healthy volunteers and 28 people with schizophrenia. Networks functioning at higher frequencies had greater global cost efficiency than low-frequency networks in both groups. Superior task performance was positively correlated with global cost efficiency of the β-band network and specifically with cost efficiency of nodes in left lateral parietal and frontal areas. These results are consistent with biophysical models highlighting the importance of β-band oscillations for long-distance functional connections in brain networks and with pathophysiological models of schizophrenia as a dysconnection syndrome. More generally, they echo the saying that “less is more”: The information processing performance of a network can be enhanced by a sparse or low-cost configuration with disproportionately high efficiency

Cultura y droga (Año 22 no. 24 ene-dic 2017)

La Revista Cultura y Droga de la Facultad de ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, es una publicación científica de acceso abierto sin cobro de APC (Article Processing Charge), editada y financiada por la Universidad de Caldas, que circula semestralmente en el ámbito nacional e internacional en formato impreso y digital (PDF). La Revista, recibe artículos en inglés, portugués y español sobre publicaciones originales e inéditas que contribuyan al avance del conocimiento y a la discusión académico-científica sobre la relación cultura y droga. Acoge artículos de diversas disciplinas: sociales y humanas, naturales, médicas, artísticas, filosóficas, botánicas, así como, conocimientos indígenas tradicionales.EDITORIAL Manuel Ignacio Moreno-Ospina PRODUCCIÓN CIENTÍFICA E INTELECTUAL / SCIENTIFIC AND INTELLECTUAL PRODUCTION RÚSTICOS E CIVILIZADOS: EMBRIAGUEZ INDÍGENA E AÇÕES POLÍTICAS NA AMAZÔNIA DO SÉCULO XVIII RUSTIC AND CIVILIZED: INDIGENOUS DRUNKENNESS AND POLITICAL ACTIONS IN THE AMAZON OF THE 18TH CENTURY Cauê Tanan ANTROPOLOGÍA, PSICOLOGÍA Y ESTADOS ALTERADOS DE CONCIENCIA. UNA REVISIÓN CRÍTICA DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA INTERDISCIPLINARIA ANTHROPOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY AND ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. A CRITICAL REVIEW FROM AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE Ismael Eduardo Apud-Peláez DENOMINACIONES INDÍGENAS DE LA MARIHUANA EN MÉXICO. INVESTIGACIÓN DOCUMENTAL DE LA RELACIÓN ENTRE EL PIPILTZINTZINTLI Y LA PLANTA DE CANNABIS (SIGLOS XVI-XIX) INDIGENOUS DENOMINATIONS OF THE MARIJUANA IN MEXICO. DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PIPILTZINTZINTLI AND THE CANNABIS PLANT (XVI-XIX CENTURIES) Oliver Ramos-Gómez, Nidia Andrea Olvera-Hernández, José Domingo Schievenini-Stefanoni TZÍMAN Y LAHAX: EL PEYOTE Y EL TOLOACHE COMO ADVOCACIONES CULTURALES PARA LA REGIÓN HUASTECA, MÉXICO TZIMMAN AND LAHAX: PEYOTE AND TOLOACHE AS CULTURAL ADVOCATIONS FOR THE HUASTECA REGION, MEXICO Joaquín Muñoz-Mendoza ENSAMBLAJES GLOBALES Y REDUCCIÓN DE DAÑO: APUNTES EN TORNO A LA LUCHA ANTIDROGA Y AL MOVIMIENTO ANTIPROHIBICIONISTA GLOBAL ASSEMBLAGE AND HARM REDUCTION: NOTES ON ANTI-DRUG STRUGGLE AND ANTI-PROHIBITIONIST MOVEMENT Ramiro E. Borja-Martínez, Andrés Góngora-Sierra, Carlos Sánchez-González MANIFESTACIONES SOCIOPSICOLÓGICAS DEL CARÁCTER FRENTE AL CONSUMO COMPULSIVO DE BAZUCO SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE CHARACTER AGAINST COMPULSIVE CONSUMPTION OF BAZUCO Carlos Enrique Correa-Lago

Modulatory Effects of Modafinil on Neural Circuits Regulating Emotion and Cognition

Modafinil differs from other arousal-enhancing agents in chemical structure, neurochemical profile, and behavioral effects. Most functional neuroimaging studies to date examined the effect of modafinil only on information processing underlying executive cognition, but cognitive enhancers in general have been shown to have pronounced effects on emotional behavior, too. We examined the effect of modafinil on neural circuits underlying affective processing and cognitive functions. Healthy volunteers were enrolled in this double-blinded placebo-controlled trial (100 mg/day for 7 days). They underwent BOLD fMRI while performing an emotion information-processing task that activates the amygdala and two prefrontally dependent cognitive tasks—a working memory (WM) task and a variable attentional control (VAC) task. A clinical assessment that included measurement of blood pressure, heart rate, the Hamilton anxiety scale, and the profile of mood state (POMS) questionnaire was also performed on each test day. BOLD fMRI revealed significantly decreased amygdala reactivity to fearful stimuli on modafinil compared with the placebo condition. During executive cognition tasks, a WM task and a VAC task, modafinil reduced BOLD signal in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate. Although not statistically significant, there were trends for reduced anxiety, for decreased fatigue-inertia and increased vigor-activity, as well as decreased anger-hostility on modafinil. Modafinil in low doses has a unique physiologic profile compared with stimulant drugs: it enhances the efficiency of prefrontal cortical cognitive information processing, while dampening reactivity to threatening stimuli in the amygdala, a brain region implicated in anxiety